The Malpaisillo Formation: A sequence of explosive eruptions in the mid to late Pleistocene (Nicaragua, Central America)
- Stoppa, Line Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
- Kutterolf, Steffen GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel,Germany
- Rausch, Juanita Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
- Grobéty, Bernard Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
- Pettke, Thomas University of Bern, Institute of Geological Sciences, Switzerland
- Wang, Kuo-Lung Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan - Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hemming, Sidney Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory/Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
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15.06.2018
Published in:
- Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. - 2018, vol. 359, p. 47–67
English
The subduction-related volcanic front in Nicaragua consists of the Tertiary “Coyol” member in the eastern highlands and the Quaternary to recent volcanic arc within the Nicaraguan depression. Although the Holocene to recent explosive volcanism has been studied extensively no detailed work has been done on the products of explosive volcanism from Quaternary volcanic complexes comprising also the Malpaisillo and Monte Galán Calderas, the focus of this study. The 11 km-wide Malpaisillo Caldera and ~3.5 km-wide Monte Galán Caldera, located ~50 km northwest of Managua, are surrounded by tens of meters of rhyolitic tephras. These pyroclastic flow and fall deposits extend proximally at least 11 km to the southeast and 23 km to the southwest, with observed depositional thicknesses of >16 m for a single ignimbrite unit (or >25 m for the entire section). Distal deposits are found as far as 350 km offshore in the Pacific. At least twelve highly explosive large-volume eruptive phases with corresponding tephra deposits (LPT = La Paz Centro Tephra, PPT = Punta de Plancha Tephra, LCbT = Lower Chibola Tephra, GT = Guacucal Tephra, UCbT = Upper Chibola Tephra, FeT = La Fuente Tephra, ST = Sabanettas Tephra, MgT = Miralago Tephra, ToT = Tolapa Tephra, LMT, MMT, UMT = Lower, Middle, and Upper Maderas Negras Tephras) are distinguished based on geochemical correlations and similar depositional characteristics. Radiometric 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate that most activity related to the large Malpaisillo Caldera occurred between ~570 and ~420 ka. The large Pleistocene Malpaisillo and Monte Galán Calderas are characterized by a long- lived history and, if evolved, a distinctly alkaline (K2O = 2.3–3.8 wt%; Na2O = 4.0– 4.9 wt%) geochemical signature compared to the other Nicaraguan tephra deposits. As a result, the previously defined Malpaisillo Formation has been considerably extended and revised. Our findings contribute to fill a considerable gap in the long- term eruptive history of Nicaraguan volcanoes, with prominent implications for volcanic hazard evaluation for Nicaragua.
- Faculty
- Faculté des sciences et de médecine
- Department
- Département de Géosciences
- Language
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- English
- Classification
- Geology
- License
- License undefined
- Identifiers
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- RERO DOC 323391
- DOI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.06.015
- Persistent URL
- https://folia.unifr.ch/unifr/documents/307206
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