Fungicide-driven evolution and molecular basis of multidrug resistance in field populations of the grey mould fungus Botrytis cinerea
- Kretschmer, Matthias Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Leroch, Michaela Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Mosbach, Andreas Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Walker, Anne-Sophie UMR1290 BIOGER-CPP, INRA-AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- Fillinger, Sabine UMR1290 BIOGER-CPP, INRA-AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- Mernke, Dennis Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Schoonbeek, Henk-jan Institute of Plant Science, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
- Pradier, Jean-Marc UMR1290 BIOGER-CPP, INRA-AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- Leroux, Pierre UMR1290 BIOGER-CPP, INRA-AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France
- Waard, Maarten A. De Laboratory of Phytopathology, University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Hahn, Matthias Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
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18.12.2009
Published in:
- PLoS Pathogens. - 2009, vol. 5, no. 12, p. e1000696
English
The grey mould fungus Botrytis cinerea causes losses of commercially important fruits, vegetables and ornamentals worldwide. Fungicide treatments are effective for disease control, but bear the risk of resistance development. The major resistance mechanism in fungi is target protein modification resulting in reduced drug binding. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) caused by increased efflux activity is common in human pathogenic microbes, but rarely described for plant pathogens. Annual monitoring for fungicide resistance in field isolates from fungicide-treated vineyards in France and Germany revealed a rapidly increasing appearance of B. cinerea field populations with three distinct MDR phenotypes. All MDR strains showed increased fungicide efflux activity and overexpression of efflux transporter genes. Similar to clinical MDR isolates of Candida yeasts that are due to transcription factor mutations, all MDR1 strains were shown to harbor activating mutations in a transcription factor (Mrr1) that controls the gene encoding ABC transporter AtrB. MDR2 strains had undergone a unique rearrangement in the promoter region of the major facilitator superfamily transporter gene mfsM2, induced by insertion of a retrotransposon-derived sequence. MDR2 strains carrying the same rearranged mfsM2 allele have probably migrated from French to German wine-growing regions. The roles of atrB, mrr1 and mfsM2 were proven by the phenotypes of knock-out and overexpression mutants. As confirmed by sexual crosses, combinations of mrr1 and mfsM2 mutations lead to MDR3 strains with higher broad-spectrum resistance. An MDR3 strain was shown in field experiments to be selected against sensitive strains by fungicide treatments. Our data document for the first time the rising prevalence, spread and molecular basis of MDR populations in a major plant pathogen in agricultural environments. These populations will increase the risk of grey mould rot and hamper the effectiveness of current strategies for fungicide resistance management.
- Faculty
- Faculté des sciences et de médecine
- Department
- Département de Biologie
- Language
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- English
- Classification
- Biological sciences
- License
- License undefined
- Identifiers
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- RERO DOC 17174
- DOI 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000696
- Persistent URL
- https://folia.unifr.ch/unifr/documents/301451
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