Occurrence and spread of carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in the food chain in the EU/EFTA. Part 1: 2025 update
DOKPE
- EFSA BIOHAZ Panel (EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards)
- Allende, Ana ORCID Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
- Álvarez‐Ordóñez, Avelino University of León, Spain
- Bortolaia, Valeria ORCID Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Bover‐Cid, Sara IRTA Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
- De Cesare, Alessandra University of Bologna, Italy
- Dohmen, Wietske Utrecht University, Netherland
- Guillier, Laurent ORCID Anses: Maisons-Alfort, Île-de-France, France
- Herman, Lieve Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Merelbeke-Melle, Belgium
- Jacxsens, Liesbeth Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Mughini‐Gras, Lapo University of Utrecht
- Nauta, Maarten ORCID Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Ottoson, Jakob ORCID National Food Administration, Uppsala, Sweden
- Pérez‐Rodríguez, Fernando University of Cordoba, Spain
- Skandamis, Panagiotis ORCID Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
- Suffredini, Elisabetta ORCID Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
- Argüello, Hector ORCID Universidad de León, Spain
- Bengtsson‐Palme, Johan ORCID University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Carattoli, Alessandra ORCID Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
- Kohlenberg, Anke ORCID European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
- Monnet, Dominique L. ORCID European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
- Poirel, Laurent ORCID University of Fribourg
- Guerra, Beatriz EFSA European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
- García‐Fierro, Raquel ORCID Anses: Maisons-Alfort, Île-de-France, France
- Liébana, Ernesto EFSA European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
- Goudjihounde, Sonagnon Martin EFSA European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
- Ferrer‐Bustins, Núria ORCID EFSA European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
- Rabbås, Hanne Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Peixe, Luisa University of Porto
- 2025
Published in:
- EFSA Journal. - Chichester, UK: Wiley. - 2025, vol. 23, no. 4
antimicrobial resistance
carbapenem
clone
detection methods
food-producing animals
molecular epidemiology
plasmid
whole-genome sequencing
English
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) have been reported in the food chain in 14 out of 30 EU/EFTA countries. Commonly reported genes are blaVIM-1, blaOXA-48 and blaOXA-181, followed by blaNDM-5 and blaIMI-1. Escherichia coli, target of most of the studies, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Klebsiella pneumoniae complex and Salmonella Infantis are the most frequent CPE. E. coli isolates show a high clonal diversity. IncHI2 (blaVIM-1 and blaOXA-162), IncC (blaVIM-1 and blaNDM-1), IncX3 (blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181), IncI and IncL (blaOXA-48) plasmids are frequently reported. Most reports are from terrestrial food-producing animals and their environments – mainly pigs, followed by bovines and poultry and with occasional reports of meat thereof (targets of the EU monitoring and follow up trace back investigations). Few studies have investigated foods of aquatic animal origin and of non-animal origin, finding a great CPE diversity. A notable increase in the number of CPE detections has been observed, predominantly from pigs, with a surge in certain countries in 2021 (blaOXA-181, Italy) and 2023 (blaOXA-48, Spain; blaOXA-181, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-244 and blaNDM-5, Portugal). Very few data points to circumstantial evidence of CPE transmission, clonal and/or horizontal gene spread within the food chain and from/to humans. Various methods are used in the EU/EFTA countries to detect and characterise CPE in the food chain. Improvement of their sensitivity should be investigated. Ten out of 30 EU/EFTA countries have specific contingency plans for CPE control, being epidemiological investigations (e.g. trace-back) a common action included in those plans. Overall, data remain scarce for the bacterial species and sources beyond those systematically monitored. Recommendations to fill data gaps on other bacterial species and sources, dissemination pathways and optimisation of detection methods are given. A One Health approach to address the drivers of CPE spread in the food chain is needed.
- Faculty
- Faculté des sciences et de médecine
- Department
- Médecine 3ème année
- Language
-
- English
- Classification
- Biotechnology
- License
- CC BY-ND
- Open access status
- gold
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9336
- ISSN 1831-4732
- Persistent URL
- https://folia.unifr.ch/unifr/documents/332167
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