Stachura, ReginaInstitute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Tyra³a, KrzysztofInstitute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Wojtaszek, KlaudiaInstitute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Sá, JacintoInstitute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland - Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala , Sweden
Szlachetko, JakubInstitute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland - Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. - 2017, vol. 136, p. 23–33
English
We review the high energy resolution off-resonant spectroscopy (HEROS) technique. HEROS probes the unoccupied electronic states of matter in a single-shot manner thanks to the combination of off-resonant excitation around atomic core states using wavelength dispersive X-ray detection setups. In this review we provide a general introduction to the field of X-ray spectroscopy together with the specification of the available X-ray techniques and X-ray methodologies. Next, the theoretical description of the HEROS approach is introduced with a special focus on the derivation of the X- ray emission and X-ray absorption correspondence relation at off-resonant excitation conditions. Finally, a number of experimental HEROS reports are reviewed in the field of chemistry and material science. We emphasize the applicability of HEROS to pulsed X-ray sources, like X-ray free electron lasers, and support the review with experimental examples. The review is complemented with perspectives on and possible further applications of the HEROS technique to the field of X-ray science.