Establishing nonlinearity thresholds with ultraintense X-ray pulses
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Szlachetko, Jakub
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland - Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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Hoszowska, Joanna
Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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Dousse, Jean-Claude
Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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Nachtegaal, Maarten
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
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Błachucki, Wojciech
Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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Kayser, Yves
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
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Sà, Jacinto
Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden - Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Messerschmidt, Marc
Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA - NSF BioXFEL STC, Buffalo, USA
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Boutet, Sebastien
Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA
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Williams, Garth J.
Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, USA - Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY USA
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David, Christian
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
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Smolentsev, Grigory
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
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Bokhoven, Jeroen A. van
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland - Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
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Patterson, Bruce D.
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
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Penfold, Thomas J.
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
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Knopp, Gregor
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
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Pajek, Marek
Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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Abela, Rafael
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
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Milne, Christopher J.
Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
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Published in:
- Scientific Reports. - 2016, vol. 6, p. 33292
English
X-ray techniques have evolved over decades to become highly refined tools for a broad range of investigations. Importantly, these approaches rely on X-ray measurements that depend linearly on the number of incident X-ray photons. The advent of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) is opening the ability to reach extremely high photon numbers within ultrashort X-ray pulse durations and is leading to a paradigm shift in our ability to explore nonlinear X-ray signals. However, the enormous increase in X-ray peak power is a double-edged sword with new and exciting methods being developed but at the same time well-established techniques proving unreliable. Consequently, accurate knowledge about the threshold for nonlinear X-ray signals is essential. Herein we report an X-ray spectroscopic study that reveals important details on the thresholds for nonlinear X-ray interactions. By varying both the incident X-ray intensity and photon energy, we establish the regimes at which the simplest nonlinear process, two-photon X-ray absorption (TPA), can be observed. From these measurements we can extract the probability of this process as a function of photon energy and confirm both the nature and sub-femtosecond lifetime of the virtual intermediate electronic state.
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Faculty
- Faculté des sciences et de médecine
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Department
- Département de Physique
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Language
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Classification
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Physics
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License
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License undefined
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Identifiers
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Persistent URL
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https://folia.unifr.ch/unifr/documents/305217
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