Demurtas, DavideInterdisciplinary Center for Electron Microscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
Jud, CorinneAdolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
Vanhecke, DimitriAdolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
Montet, XavierRadiology Department, Geneva University Hospital, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland
Hovius, RuudLaboratory of Physical Chemistry of Polymers and Membranes, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Lattuada, MarcoAdolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
Rothen-Rutishauser, BarbaraAdolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Switzerland - Respiratory Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
Petri-Fink, AlkeAdolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Switzerland - Chemistry Department, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
English
A major contemporary concern in developing effective liposome–nanoparticle hybrids is the present inclusion size limitation of nanoparticles between vesicle bilayers, which is considered to be around 6.5 nm in diameter. In this article, we present experimental observations backed by theoretical considerations which show that greater structures can be incorporated within vesicle membranes by promoting the clustering of nanoparticles before liposome formation. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography confirm these observations at unprecedented detail and underpin that the liposome membranes can accommodate flexible structures of up to 60 nm in size. These results imply that this material is more versatile in terms of inclusion capabilities and consequently widens the opportunities in developing multivalent vesicles for nanobiotechnology applications.