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Dietary modulation of body composition and insulin sensitivity during catch-up growth in rats: effects of oils rich in n-6 or n-3 PUFA

  • Yepuri, Gayathri Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
  • Marcelino, Helena Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
  • Shahkhalili, Yasaman Nutrition and Health Department, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • Aprikian, Olivier Nutrition and Health Department, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • Macé, Katherine Nutrition and Health Department, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • Seydoux, Josiane Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
  • Miles-Chan, Jennifer L. Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
  • Montani, Jean-Pierre Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
  • Dulloo, Abdul G. Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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    31.01.2011
Published in:
  • British Journal of Nutrition. - 2011, vol. 105, no. 12, p. 1750-1763
Obesity
Thermogenesis
Programming and insulin sensitivity
Weight regain
English The present study investigates whether excessive fat accumulation and hyperinsulinaemia during catch-up growth on high-fat diets are altered by n-6 and n-3 PUFA derived from oils rich in either linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA) or DHA. It has been shown that, compared with food-restricted rats refed a high-fat (lard) diet low in PUFA, those refed isoenergetically on diets enriched in LA or ALA, independently of the n-6: n-3 ratio, show improved insulin sensitivity, lower fat mass and higher lean mass, the magnitude of which is related to the proportion of total PUFA precursors (LA+ALA) consumed. These relationships are best fitted by quadratic regression models (r²>0·8, P < 0·001), with threshold values for an impact on body composition corresponding to PUFA precursors contributing 25–30 % of energy intake. Isoenergetic refeeding on high-fat diets enriched in AA or DHA also led to improved body composition, with increases in lean mass as predicted by the quadratic model for PUFA precursors, but decreases in fat mass, which are disproportionately greater than predicted values; insulin sensitivity, however, was not improved. These findings pertaining to the impact of dietary intake of PUFA precursors (LA and ALA) and their elongated–desaturated products (AA and DHA), on body composition and insulin sensitivity, provide important insights into the search for diets aimed at counteracting the pathophysiological consequences of catch-up growth. In particular, diets enriched in essential fatty acids (LA and/or ALA) markedly improve insulin sensitivity and composition of weight regained, independently of the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio.
Faculty
Faculté des sciences et de médecine
Department
Département de Médecine
Language
  • English
Classification
Biological sciences
License
License undefined
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Persistent URL
https://folia.unifr.ch/unifr/documents/302067
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