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Phloem unloading in Arabidopsis roots is convective and regulated by the phloem-pole pericycle
Journal article

Phloem unloading in Arabidopsis roots is convective and regulated by the phloem-pole pericycle

  • Ross-Elliott, Timothy J ORCID School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
  • Jensen, Kaare H ORCID Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
  • Haaning, Katrine S Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
  • Wager, Brittney M ORCID School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
  • Knoblauch, Jan ORCID School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
  • Howell, Alexander H ORCID School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
  • Mullendore, Daniel L School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
  • Monteith, Alexander G ORCID Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
  • Paultre, Danae Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  • Yan, Dawei ORCID Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  • Otero, Sofia ORCID Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  • Bourdon, Matthieu Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  • Sager, Ross Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, United States
  • Lee, Jung-Youn Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, United States
  • Helariutta, Ykä Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  • Knoblauch, Michael ORCID School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
  • Oparka, Karl J ORCID Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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  • 2017-2-23
Published in:
  • eLife. - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd. - 2017, vol. 6
English In plants, a complex mixture of solutes and macromolecules is transported by the phloem. Here, we examined how solutes and macromolecules are separated when they exit the phloem during the unloading process. We used a combination of approaches (non-invasive imaging, 3D-electron microscopy, and mathematical modelling) to show that phloem unloading of solutes in Arabidopsis roots occurs through plasmodesmata by a combination of mass flow and diffusion (convective phloem unloading). During unloading, solutes and proteins are diverted into the phloem-pole pericycle, a tissue connected to the protophloem by a unique class of ‘funnel plasmodesmata’. While solutes are unloaded without restriction, large proteins are released through funnel plasmodesmata in discrete pulses, a phenomenon we refer to as ‘batch unloading’. Unlike solutes, these proteins remain restricted to the phloem-pole pericycle. Our data demonstrate a major role for the phloem-pole pericycle in regulating phloem unloading in roots.
Language
  • English
Open access status
gold
Identifiers
Persistent URL
https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/87746
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