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Increased power by harmonizing structural MRI site differences with the ComBat batch adjustment method in ENIGMA.
Journal article

Increased power by harmonizing structural MRI site differences with the ComBat batch adjustment method in ENIGMA.

  • Radua J Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: radua@clinic.cat.
  • Vieta E CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Bipolar and depressive disorders, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
  • Shinohara R Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Kochunov P Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Quidé Y School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
  • Green MJ School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
  • Weickert CS School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, Newyork, NY, USA.
  • Weickert T School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
  • Bruggemann J School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Kircher T Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
  • Nenadić I Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
  • Cairns MJ University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
  • Seal M Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Australia.
  • Schall U University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
  • Henskens F Health Behaviour Research Group, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
  • Fullerton JM School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
  • Mowry B Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
  • Pantelis C Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
  • Lenroot R School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
  • Cropley V Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
  • Loughland C University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
  • Scott R University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
  • Wolf D Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Satterthwaite TD Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Tan Y Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
  • Sim K West Region and Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
  • Piras F Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
  • Spalletta G Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
  • Banaj N Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
  • Pomarol-Clotet E CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
  • Solanes A Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
  • Albajes-Eizagirre A Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
  • Canales-Rodríguez EJ CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Signal Processing Lab (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
  • Sarro S CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
  • Di Giorgio A IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy.
  • Bertolino A Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy.
  • Stäblein M Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
  • Oertel V Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
  • Knöchel C Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
  • Borgwardt S Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Lübeck, Germany.
  • du Plessis S University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, Western Province, South Africa.
  • Yun JY Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  • Kwon JS Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  • Dannlowski U Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
  • Hahn T Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
  • Grotegerd D Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
  • Alloza C CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
  • Arango C CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
  • Janssen J CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
  • Díaz-Caneja C CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
  • Jiang W Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • Calhoun V Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • Ehrlich S Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine, Dresden, Germany.
  • Yang K Departments of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Cascella NG Departments of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Takayanagi Y Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Sawa A Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Tomyshev A Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
  • Lebedeva I Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
  • Kaleda V Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
  • Kirschner M Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
  • Hoschl C National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
  • Tomecek D National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Institute of Computer Science, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
  • Skoch A National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
  • van Amelsvoort T Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
  • Bakker G Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
  • James A Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Preda A Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
  • Weideman A Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
  • Stein DJ SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Province, South Africa.
  • Howells F Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
  • Uhlmann A Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
  • Temmingh H Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Valkenburg Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
  • López-Jaramillo C Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia; Mood Disorders Program, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellin, Colombia.
  • Díaz-Zuluaga A Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.
  • Fortea L Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
  • Martinez-Heras E University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Neuroimmunology. Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases. Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
  • Solana E University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Neuroimmunology. Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases. Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
  • Llufriu S University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Neuroimmunology. Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases. Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
  • Jahanshad N Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Thompson P Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
  • Turner J Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • van Erp T Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, 309 Qureshey Research Lab, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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  • 2020-05-30
Published in:
  • NeuroImage. - 2020
Brain
Cortical thickness
Gray matter
Mega-analysis
Neuroimaging
Schizophrenia
Volume
English A common limitation of neuroimaging studies is their small sample sizes. To overcome this hurdle, the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium combines neuroimaging data from many institutions worldwide. However, this introduces heterogeneity due to different scanning devices and sequences. ENIGMA projects commonly address this heterogeneity with random-effects meta-analysis or mixed-effects mega-analysis. Here we tested whether the batch adjustment method, ComBat, can further reduce site-related heterogeneity and thus increase statistical power. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses, mixed-effects mega-analyses and ComBat mega-analyses to compare cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes between 2897 individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 3141 healthy controls from 33 sites. Specifically, we compared the imaging data between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls, covarying for age and sex. The use of ComBat substantially increased the statistical significance of the findings as compared to random-effects meta-analyses. The findings were more similar when comparing ComBat with mixed-effects mega-analysis, although ComBat still slightly increased the statistical significance. ComBat also showed increased statistical power when we repeated the analyses with fewer sites. Results were nearly identical when we applied the ComBat harmonization separately for cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volumes. Therefore, we recommend applying the ComBat function to attenuate potential effects of site in ENIGMA projects and other multi-site structural imaging work. We provide easy-to-use functions in R that work even if imaging data are partially missing in some brain regions, and they can be trained with one data set and then applied to another (a requirement for some analyses such as machine learning).
Language
  • English
Open access status
gold
Identifiers
Persistent URL
https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/82396
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