Journal article
Finger length ratio (2D:4D) and dimensions of sexual orientation.
- Kraemer B Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Noll T
- Delsignore A
- Milos G
- Schnyder U
- Hepp U
- 2006-07-29
Published in:
- Neuropsychobiology. - 2006
Adolescent
Adult
Female
Fingers
Functional Laterality
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Reference Values
Sex Characteristics
Sexual Behavior
Statistics, Nonparametric
Weights and Measures
English
BACKGROUND
It has been suggested that both adult sexual orientation and the 2nd to 4th finger length ratio (2D:4D) are influenced by prenatal testosterone levels. Bearing this in mind, 2D:4D has been tested as a proxy measure of the putative prenatal testosterone impact on adult human homosexuality, but the results are inconsistent. To date, most studies in this field of research comprise categorical group comparison of heterosexuals and homosexuals with respect to their 2D:4D.
AIMS
The purpose of our study was to evaluate 2D:4D and the dimensional perspective of sexual orientation in addition to categorical results.
METHODS
We examined a community-based sample of 409 subjects and calculated correlations of 2D:4D and sexual orientation as a continuum ranging from homosexual to heterosexual.
RESULTS
We found a significant negative correlation of 2D:4D with homosexual orientation (fantasy, attraction, activity and general score) in women, but not in men.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that with higher prenatal testosterone levels in women, the likelihood of homosexual orientation might increase. We hypothesize a continuous neurohormonal sexual differentiation of the brain, most notably for women, that overrides categories and results in varying dimensions of sexual orientation. This hypothesis contrasts with the predominant suggestion of fixed organizational effects of androgens in the brain and a categorical sexual orientation.
It has been suggested that both adult sexual orientation and the 2nd to 4th finger length ratio (2D:4D) are influenced by prenatal testosterone levels. Bearing this in mind, 2D:4D has been tested as a proxy measure of the putative prenatal testosterone impact on adult human homosexuality, but the results are inconsistent. To date, most studies in this field of research comprise categorical group comparison of heterosexuals and homosexuals with respect to their 2D:4D.
AIMS
The purpose of our study was to evaluate 2D:4D and the dimensional perspective of sexual orientation in addition to categorical results.
METHODS
We examined a community-based sample of 409 subjects and calculated correlations of 2D:4D and sexual orientation as a continuum ranging from homosexual to heterosexual.
RESULTS
We found a significant negative correlation of 2D:4D with homosexual orientation (fantasy, attraction, activity and general score) in women, but not in men.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that with higher prenatal testosterone levels in women, the likelihood of homosexual orientation might increase. We hypothesize a continuous neurohormonal sexual differentiation of the brain, most notably for women, that overrides categories and results in varying dimensions of sexual orientation. This hypothesis contrasts with the predominant suggestion of fixed organizational effects of androgens in the brain and a categorical sexual orientation.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- closed
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.1159/000094730
- PMID 16874008
- Persistent URL
- https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/75224
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