Pathological bacterial translocation in liver cirrhosis.

• Wiest R Department Gastroenterology, Inselspital, University Hospital, Bern 3010, Switzerland. Electronic address: Reiner.wiest@insel.ch.
• Lawson M Maurice Müller Laboratories, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM), University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland.
• Geuking M Maurice Müller Laboratories, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin (UVCM), University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland.

AMP

APC

BDL

BT

Bacterial translocation

CCl(4)

DC

Farnesoid X receptor

FxR

GALT

GI

GNB

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

HE

IEL

IFN

IL

IgA

Immunoglobulin A

Interferon

LPS

Liver cirrhosis

MCP-1

MDP

MLCK

MLN

Microbiome

Mucosa barrier

Muramyl-Dipeptide

NFkB

NO

NOD

PGN

Peptidoglycans

ROS

SBP

SDD

SIBO

TJ

TLR

TNF

ZO

antigen-presenting cell

antimicrobial peptides

bacterial translocation

bile duct ligation

carbon-tetrachloride

dendritic cell

gastrointestinal

gram-negative bacteria

gut-associated lymphoid tissue

hepatic encephalopathy

interepithelial lymphocyte

interleukin

lipopolysaccharide

mesenteric lmyph nodes

monocyte chemotatic protein-1

myosin light chain kinase

nitric oxide

nuclear factor kB

nucleotide binding oligomerisation domain 2

reactive oxygen species

selective gut decontamination

small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

tight junction

toll-like-receptor

tumor necrosis factor

zonula occludens

Animals

Bacterial Translocation

Humans

Intestines

Liver Cirrhosis

Lymph Nodes

Lymphoid Tissue

Severity of Illness Index

beta-Defensins