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Sublethal Endpoints in Non-target Organism Testing for Insect-Active GE Crops.

  • Roberts A Agriculture and Food Systems Institute, Washington, DC, United States.
  • Boeckman CJ Corteva AgriscienceTM, Johnston, IA, United States.
  • Mühl M Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca, Dirección de Biotecnología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Romeis J Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Teem JL Agriculture and Food Systems Institute, Washington, DC, United States.
  • Valicente FH Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Sete Lagoas, Switzerland.
  • Brown JK School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
  • Edwards MG School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
  • Levine SL Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO, United States.
  • Melnick RL Agriculture and Food Systems Institute, Washington, DC, United States.
  • Rodrigues TB Greenlight Biosciences, Inc., Medford, MA, United States.
  • Vélez AM Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.
  • Zhou X Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
  • Hellmich RL USDA, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, United States.
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  • 2020-06-26
Published in:
  • Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology. - 2020
Bt Cry
GE plants
RNAi
environmental risk assessment
non-target organisms
sublethal endpoints
English Historically, genetically engineered (GE) plants that have incorporated genes conferring insect protection have primarily used Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to achieve their insecticidal phenotype. As a result, regulators have developed a level of familiarity and confidence in reviewing plants incorporating these insecticidal proteins. However, new technologies have been developed that produce GE plants that incorporate pest protection by triggering an RNA interference (RNAi) response or proteins other than Bt Cry proteins. These technologies have new modes of action. Although the overall assessment paradigm for GE plants is robust, there are ongoing discussions about the appropriate tests and measurement endpoints needed to inform non-target arthropod assessment for technologies that have a different mode of action than the Bt Cry proteins. As a result, increasing attention is being paid to the use of sublethal endpoints and their value for environmental risk assessment (ERA). This review focuses on the current status and history of sublethal endpoint use in insect-active GE crops, and evaluates the future use of sublethal endpoints for new and emerging technologies. It builds upon presentations made at the Workshop on Sublethal Endpoints for Non-target Organism Testing for Non-Bt GE Crops (Washington DC, USA, 4-5 March 2019), and the discussions of government, academic and industry scientists convened for the purpose of reviewing the progress and status of sublethal endpoint testing in non-target organisms.
Language
  • English
Open access status
gold
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Persistent URL
https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/62584
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