The Functional Anatomy of the Superficial Fat Compartments of the Face: A Detailed Imaging Study.
- Schenck TL Munich, Germany; Salzburg, Austria; Sacramento, Calif.; Albany, N.Y.; and Zurich, Switzerland From the Department of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University; the Department of Radiology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg and Nuremberg; the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Salzburg, the Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, University of California-Davis Medical Center; the Department of Medical Education, Albany Medical College; and the Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich.
- Koban KC
- Schlattau A
- Frank K
- Sykes JM
- Targosinski S
- Erlbacher K
- Cotofana S
- 2018-05-12
Published in:
- Plastic and reconstructive surgery. - 2018
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Cadaver
Coloring Agents
Face
Female
Humans
Injections
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Middle Aged
Subcutaneous Fat
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
English
BACKGROUND
The superficial (subcutaneous) facial fat compartments contribute to the signs of facial aging, but a comprehensive anatomical description of their location and their functional behavior during the application of soft-tissue fillers remains elusive.
METHODS
The authors investigated 30 fresh frozen cephalic specimens from 13 male and 17 female Caucasian body donors (age, 78.3 ± 14.2 years; body mass index, 23.1 ± 5.3 kg/m(2)). Upright-position, contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scanning, and additional magnetic resonance imaging were performed. Three-dimensional reconstruction-based measures were conducted to evaluate the position of the applied contrast agent in each compartment separately. Successive anatomical dissections were performed to confirm the imaging findings.
RESULTS
Positive correlations were detected between the amounts of injected material and the inferior displacement for the superficial nasolabial (rp = 0.92, p = 0.003), middle cheek (rp = 0.70, p = 0.05), and jowl (rp = 0.92, p = 0.03) compartments but not for the medial cheek (rp = 0.20, p = 0.75), lateral cheek (rp = 0.15, p = 0.75), or the superior (rp = -0.32, p = 0.41) or inferior superficial temporal compartment (rp = -0.52, p = 0.29).
CONCLUSION
This study confirms the presence of distinct subcutaneous fat compartments and provides evidence for an individual behavior when soft-tissue fillers are applied: inferior displacement of the superficial nasolabial, middle cheek, and jowl compartments, in contrast to an increase in volume without displacement (i.e., an increase in projection) of the medial cheek, lateral cheek, and both superficial temporal compartments.
The superficial (subcutaneous) facial fat compartments contribute to the signs of facial aging, but a comprehensive anatomical description of their location and their functional behavior during the application of soft-tissue fillers remains elusive.
METHODS
The authors investigated 30 fresh frozen cephalic specimens from 13 male and 17 female Caucasian body donors (age, 78.3 ± 14.2 years; body mass index, 23.1 ± 5.3 kg/m(2)). Upright-position, contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scanning, and additional magnetic resonance imaging were performed. Three-dimensional reconstruction-based measures were conducted to evaluate the position of the applied contrast agent in each compartment separately. Successive anatomical dissections were performed to confirm the imaging findings.
RESULTS
Positive correlations were detected between the amounts of injected material and the inferior displacement for the superficial nasolabial (rp = 0.92, p = 0.003), middle cheek (rp = 0.70, p = 0.05), and jowl (rp = 0.92, p = 0.03) compartments but not for the medial cheek (rp = 0.20, p = 0.75), lateral cheek (rp = 0.15, p = 0.75), or the superior (rp = -0.32, p = 0.41) or inferior superficial temporal compartment (rp = -0.52, p = 0.29).
CONCLUSION
This study confirms the presence of distinct subcutaneous fat compartments and provides evidence for an individual behavior when soft-tissue fillers are applied: inferior displacement of the superficial nasolabial, middle cheek, and jowl compartments, in contrast to an increase in volume without displacement (i.e., an increase in projection) of the medial cheek, lateral cheek, and both superficial temporal compartments.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- green
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004364
- PMID 29750762
- Persistent URL
- https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/47536
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