Neural Biomarkers for Dyslexia, ADHD, and ADD in the Auditory Cortex of Children.
- Serrallach B Department of Neurology, Section of Biomagnetism, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany; Division of Neuroradiology, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany; Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kantonsspital St. GallenSt. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Groß C Department of Neurology, Section of Biomagnetism, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany.
- Bernhofs V Latvian Academy of Music Riga, Latvia.
- Engelmann D Department of Neurology, Section of Biomagnetism, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany.
- Benner J Department of Neurology, Section of Biomagnetism, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany; Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Basel HospitalBasel, Switzerland.
- Gündert N Department of Neurology, Section of Biomagnetism, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany.
- Blatow M Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
- Wengenroth M Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Lübeck Lübeck, Germany.
- Seitz A Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany.
- Brunner M Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany.
- Seither S Institute of Psychology, University of GrazGraz, Austria; BioTechMed GrazGraz, Austria.
- Parncutt R Centre for Systematic Musicology, University of Graz Graz, Austria.
- Schneider P Department of Neurology, Section of Biomagnetism, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany; Division of Neuroradiology, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany.
- Seither-Preisler A Department of Neurology, Section of Biomagnetism, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany; Division of Neuroradiology, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany; Institute of Psychology, University of GrazGraz, Austria; BioTechMed GrazGraz, Austria; Centre for Systematic Musicology, University of GrazGraz, Austria.
- 2016-07-30
Published in:
- Frontiers in neuroscience. - 2016
auditory cortex
auditory evoked fields
developmental disorders
hemispheric asymmetries
magnetencephalography
magnetic resonance imaging
musical learning
synchronization
English
Dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and attention deficit disorder (ADD) show distinct clinical profiles that may include auditory and language-related impairments. Currently, an objective brain-based diagnosis of these developmental disorders is still unavailable. We investigated the neuro-auditory systems of dyslexic, ADHD, ADD, and age-matched control children (N = 147) using neuroimaging, magnetencephalography and psychoacoustics. All disorder subgroups exhibited an oversized left planum temporale and an abnormal interhemispheric asynchrony (10-40 ms) of the primary auditory evoked P1-response. Considering right auditory cortex morphology, bilateral P1 source waveform shapes, and auditory performance, the three disorder subgroups could be reliably differentiated with outstanding accuracies of 89-98%. We therefore for the first time provide differential biomarkers for a brain-based diagnosis of dyslexia, ADHD, and ADD. The method allowed not only allowed for clear discrimination between two subtypes of attentional disorders (ADHD and ADD), a topic controversially discussed for decades in the scientific community, but also revealed the potential for objectively identifying comorbid cases. Noteworthy, in children playing a musical instrument, after three and a half years of training the observed interhemispheric asynchronies were reduced by about 2/3, thus suggesting a strong beneficial influence of music experience on brain development. These findings might have far-reaching implications for both research and practice and enable a profound understanding of the brain-related etiology, diagnosis, and musically based therapy of common auditory-related developmental disorders and learning disabilities.
- Language
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- English
- Open access status
- gold
- Identifiers
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- DOI 10.3389/fnins.2016.00324
- PMID 27471442
- Persistent URL
- https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/250362
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