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Observation of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos in three years of IceCube data.

  • Aartsen MG School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia.
  • Ackermann M DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Adams J Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
  • Aguilar JA Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.
  • Ahlers M Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Ahrens M Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Altmann D Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
  • Anderson T Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
  • Arguelles C Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Arlen TC Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
  • Auffenberg J III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Bai X Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA.
  • Barwick SW Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
  • Baum V Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
  • Beatty JJ Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA and Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
  • Becker Tjus J Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
  • Becker KH Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
  • BenZvi S Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Berghaus P DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Berley D Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  • Bernardini E DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Bernhard A T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
  • Besson DZ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
  • Binder G Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  • Bindig D Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
  • Bissok M III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Blaufuss E Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  • Blumenthal J III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Boersma DJ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Bohm C Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Bose D Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
  • Böser S Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
  • Botner O Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Brayeur L Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • Bretz HP DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Brown AM Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
  • Casey J School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
  • Casier M Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • Chirkin D Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Christov A Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.
  • Christy B Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  • Clark K Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada.
  • Classen L Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
  • Clevermann F Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
  • Coenders S T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
  • Cowen DF Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
  • Cruz Silva AH DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Danninger M Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Daughhetee J School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
  • Davis JC Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
  • Day M Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • de André JP Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
  • De Clercq C Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • De Ridder S Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
  • Desiati P Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • de Vries KD Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • de With M Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
  • DeYoung T Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
  • Díaz-Vélez JC Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Dunkman M Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
  • Eagan R Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
  • Eberhardt B Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
  • Eichmann B Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
  • Eisch J Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Euler S Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Evenson PA Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
  • Fadiran O Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Fazely AR Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.
  • Fedynitch A Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
  • Feintzeig J Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Felde J Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  • Feusels T Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
  • Filimonov K Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  • Finley C Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Fischer-Wasels T Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
  • Flis S Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Franckowiak A Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
  • Frantzen K Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
  • Fuchs T Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
  • Gaisser TK Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
  • Gallagher J Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Gerhardt L Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  • Gier D III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Gladstone L Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Glüsenkamp T DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Goldschmidt A Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  • Golup G Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • Gonzalez JG Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
  • Goodman JA Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  • Góra D DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Grandmont DT Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
  • Grant D Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
  • Gretskov P III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Groh JC Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
  • Groß A T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
  • Ha C Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  • Haack C III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Haj Ismail A Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
  • Hallen P III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Hallgren A Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Halzen F Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Hanson K Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • Hebecker D Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
  • Heereman D Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • Heinen D III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Helbing K Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
  • Hellauer R Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  • Hellwig D III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Hickford S Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
  • Hill GC School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia.
  • Hoffman KD Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  • Hoffmann R Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
  • Homeier A Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
  • Hoshina K Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Huang F Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
  • Huelsnitz W Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  • Hulth PO Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Hultqvist K Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Hussain S Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
  • Ishihara A Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
  • Jacobi E DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Jacobsen J Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Jagielski K III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Japaridze GS CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA.
  • Jero K Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Jlelati O Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
  • Jurkovic M T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
  • Kaminsky B DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Kappes A Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
  • Karg T DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Karle A Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Kauer M Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Kelley JL Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Kheirandish A Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Kiryluk J Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.
  • Kläs J Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
  • Klein SR Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  • Köhne JH Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
  • Kohnen G Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
  • Kolanoski H Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
  • Koob A III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Köpke L Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
  • Kopper C Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Kopper S Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
  • Koskinen DJ Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Kowalski M Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
  • Kriesten A III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Krings K III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Kroll G Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
  • Kunnen J Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • Kurahashi N Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Kuwabara T Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
  • Labare M Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
  • Larsen DT Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Larson MJ Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Lesiak-Bzdak M Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.
  • Leuermann M III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Leute J T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
  • Lünemann J Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
  • Macías O Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
  • Madsen J Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA.
  • Maggi G Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • Maruyama R Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Mase K Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
  • Matis HS Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  • McNally F Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Meagher K Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  • Meli A Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
  • Meures T Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • Miarecki S Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  • Middell E DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Middlemas E Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Milke N Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
  • Miller J Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • Mohrmann L DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Montaruli T Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.
  • Morse R Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Nahnhauer R DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Naumann U Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
  • Niederhausen H Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.
  • Nowicki SC Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
  • Nygren DR Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  • Obertacke A Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
  • Odrowski S Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
  • Olivas A Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  • Omairat A Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
  • O'Murchadha A Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • Palczewski T Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.
  • Paul L III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Penek O III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Pepper JA Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.
  • Pérez de Los Heros C Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Pfendner C Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
  • Pieloth D Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
  • Pinat E Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • Posselt J Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
  • Price PB Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  • Przybylski GT Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  • Pütz J III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Quinnan M Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
  • Rädel L III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Rameez M Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.
  • Rawlins K Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA.
  • Redl P Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  • Rees I Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Reimann R III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Resconi E T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
  • Rhode W Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
  • Richman M Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  • Riedel B Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Robertson S School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia.
  • Rodrigues JP Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Rongen M III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Rott C Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
  • Ruhe T Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
  • Ruzybayev B Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
  • Ryckbosch D Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
  • Saba SM Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
  • Sander HG Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
  • Santander M Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Sarkar S Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom.
  • Schatto K Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
  • Scheriau F Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
  • Schmidt T Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  • Schmitz M Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
  • Schoenen S III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Schöneberg S Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
  • Schönwald A DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Schukraft A III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Schulte L Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
  • Schulz O T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
  • Seckel D Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
  • Sestayo Y T.U. Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
  • Seunarine S Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA.
  • Shanidze R DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Sheremata C Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
  • Smith MW Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
  • Soldin D Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
  • Spiczak GM Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA.
  • Spiering C DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Stamatikos M Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
  • Stanev T Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
  • Stanisha NA Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
  • Stasik A Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
  • Stezelberger T Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  • Stokstad RG Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  • Stößl A DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Strahler EA Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • Ström R Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Strotjohann NL Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
  • Sullivan GW Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  • Taavola H Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
  • Taboada I School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
  • Tamburro A Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
  • Tepe A Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
  • Ter-Antonyan S Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.
  • Terliuk A DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Tešić G Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
  • Tilav S Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
  • Toale PA Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.
  • Tobin MN Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Tosi D Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Tselengidou M Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
  • Unger E Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
  • Usner M Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
  • Vallecorsa S Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.
  • van Eijndhoven N Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
  • Vandenbroucke J Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • van Santen J Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Vehring M III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Voge M Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
  • Vraeghe M Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
  • Walck C Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Wallraff M III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Weaver Ch Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Wellons M Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Wendt C Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Westerhoff S Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Whelan BJ School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia.
  • Whitehorn N Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
  • Wichary C III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Wiebe K Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
  • Wiebusch CH III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Williams DR Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.
  • Wissing H Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
  • Wolf M Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Wood TR Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
  • Woschnagg K Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
  • Xu DL Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.
  • Xu XW Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.
  • Yanez JP DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany.
  • Yodh G Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
  • Yoshida S Department of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
  • Zarzhitsky P Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.
  • Ziemann J Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
  • Zierke S III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
  • Zoll M Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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  • 2014-09-20
Published in:
  • Physical review letters. - 2014
English A search for high-energy neutrinos interacting within the IceCube detector between 2010 and 2012 provided the first evidence for a high-energy neutrino flux of extraterrestrial origin. Results from an analysis using the same methods with a third year (2012-2013) of data from the complete IceCube detector are consistent with the previously reported astrophysical flux in the 100 TeV-PeV range at the level of 10(-8)  GeV cm-2 s-1 sr-1 per flavor and reject a purely atmospheric explanation for the combined three-year data at 5.7σ. The data are consistent with expectations for equal fluxes of all three neutrino flavors and with isotropic arrival directions, suggesting either numerous or spatially extended sources. The three-year data set, with a live time of 988 days, contains a total of 37 neutrino candidate events with deposited energies ranging from 30 to 2000 TeV. The 2000-TeV event is the highest-energy neutrino interaction ever observed.
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