Radiotherapy to the primary tumour for newly diagnosed, metastatic prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): a randomised controlled phase 3 trial.
- Parker CC Academic Urology Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. Electronic address: chris.parker@icr.ac.uk.
- James ND Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Brawley CD Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), London, UK.
- Clarke NW Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group, Department of Surgery, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK; Department of Urology, Salford Royal Hospitals, Manchester, UK.
- Hoyle AP Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group, Department of Surgery, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK; Department of Urology, Salford Royal Hospitals, Manchester, UK.
- Ali A Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group, Department of Surgery, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK; The FASTMAN/Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Groups, Division of Cancer Sciences, and Belfast-Manchester Movember Centre of Excellence, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Ritchie AWS Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), London, UK.
- Attard G UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK.
- Chowdhury S Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- Cross W Department of Urology, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
- Dearnaley DP Academic Urology Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK; Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Gillessen S Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester and the Christie, Manchester, UK; Division of Oncology and Haematology, Kantonsspital, St Gallen, Switzerland.
- Gilson C Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), London, UK.
- Jones RJ Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- Langley RE Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), London, UK.
- Malik ZI The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
- Mason MD Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Matheson D Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK.
- Millman R Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), London, UK.
- Russell JM Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- Thalmann GN Department of Urology, University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Amos CL Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), London, UK.
- Alonzi R Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, London, UK.
- Bahl A Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, Bristol, UK.
- Birtle A Rosemere Cancer Centre, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Preston, UK; School of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Din O Department of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
- Douis H Department of Radiology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
- Eswar C The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
- Gale J Portsmouth Oncology Centre, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK.
- Gannon MR Department of Health Services Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- Jonnada S Department of Oncology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK.
- Khaksar S St Luke's Cancer Centre, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK.
- Lester JF Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, UK.
- O'Sullivan JM Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
- Parikh OA Department of Clinical Oncology, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, UK.
- Pedley ID Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Pudney DM Clinical Oncology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, UK.
- Sheehan DJ Exeter Oncology Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK.
- Srihari NN Department of Oncology, Shrewsbury and Telford Hospitals NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, UK.
- Tran ATH Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
- Parmar MKB Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), London, UK.
- Sydes MR Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (UCL), London, UK. Electronic address: mrcctu.stampede-publications@ucl.ac.uk.
- 2018-10-26
Published in:
- Lancet (London, England). - 2018
Aged
Antineoplastic Agents
Disease-Free Survival
Docetaxel
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
Humans
Lymph Nodes
Male
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Metastasis
Orchiectomy
Prostatic Neoplasms
Radiotherapy
Standard of Care
Survival Analysis
Treatment Outcome
English
BACKGROUND
Based on previous findings, we hypothesised that radiotherapy to the prostate would improve overall survival in men with metastatic prostate cancer, and that the benefit would be greatest in patients with a low metastatic burden. We aimed to compare standard of care for metastatic prostate cancer, with and without radiotherapy.
METHODS
We did a randomised controlled phase 3 trial at 117 hospitals in Switzerland and the UK. Eligible patients had newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer. We randomly allocated patients open-label in a 1:1 ratio to standard of care (control group) or standard of care and radiotherapy (radiotherapy group). Randomisation was stratified by hospital, age at randomisation, nodal involvement, WHO performance status, planned androgen deprivation therapy, planned docetaxel use (from December, 2015), and regular aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. Standard of care was lifelong androgen deprivation therapy, with up-front docetaxel permitted from December, 2015. Men allocated radiotherapy received either a daily (55 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks) or weekly (36 Gy in six fractions over 6 weeks) schedule that was nominated before randomisation. The primary outcome was overall survival, measured as the number of deaths; this analysis had 90% power with a one-sided α of 2·5% for a hazard ratio (HR) of 0·75. Secondary outcomes were failure-free survival, progression-free survival, metastatic progression-free survival, prostate cancer-specific survival, and symptomatic local event-free survival. Analyses used Cox proportional hazards and flexible parametric models, adjusted for stratification factors. The primary outcome analysis was by intention to treat. Two prespecified subgroup analyses tested the effects of prostate radiotherapy by baseline metastatic burden and radiotherapy schedule. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00268476.
FINDINGS
Between Jan 22, 2013, and Sept 2, 2016, 2061 men underwent randomisation, 1029 were allocated the control and 1032 radiotherapy. Allocated groups were balanced, with a median age of 68 years (IQR 63-73) and median amount of prostate-specific antigen of 97 ng/mL (33-315). 367 (18%) patients received early docetaxel. 1082 (52%) participants nominated the daily radiotherapy schedule before randomisation and 979 (48%) the weekly schedule. 819 (40%) men had a low metastatic burden, 1120 (54%) had a high metastatic burden, and the metastatic burden was unknown for 122 (6%). Radiotherapy improved failure-free survival (HR 0·76, 95% CI 0·68-0·84; p<0·0001) but not overall survival (0·92, 0·80-1·06; p=0·266). Radiotherapy was well tolerated, with 48 (5%) adverse events (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade 3-4) reported during radiotherapy and 37 (4%) after radiotherapy. The proportion reporting at least one severe adverse event (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 or worse) was similar by treatment group in the safety population (398 [38%] with control and 380 [39%] with radiotherapy).
INTERPRETATION
Radiotherapy to the prostate did not improve overall survival for unselected patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer.
FUNDING
Cancer Research UK, UK Medical Research Council, Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Astellas, Clovis Oncology, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi-Aventis.
Based on previous findings, we hypothesised that radiotherapy to the prostate would improve overall survival in men with metastatic prostate cancer, and that the benefit would be greatest in patients with a low metastatic burden. We aimed to compare standard of care for metastatic prostate cancer, with and without radiotherapy.
METHODS
We did a randomised controlled phase 3 trial at 117 hospitals in Switzerland and the UK. Eligible patients had newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer. We randomly allocated patients open-label in a 1:1 ratio to standard of care (control group) or standard of care and radiotherapy (radiotherapy group). Randomisation was stratified by hospital, age at randomisation, nodal involvement, WHO performance status, planned androgen deprivation therapy, planned docetaxel use (from December, 2015), and regular aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. Standard of care was lifelong androgen deprivation therapy, with up-front docetaxel permitted from December, 2015. Men allocated radiotherapy received either a daily (55 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks) or weekly (36 Gy in six fractions over 6 weeks) schedule that was nominated before randomisation. The primary outcome was overall survival, measured as the number of deaths; this analysis had 90% power with a one-sided α of 2·5% for a hazard ratio (HR) of 0·75. Secondary outcomes were failure-free survival, progression-free survival, metastatic progression-free survival, prostate cancer-specific survival, and symptomatic local event-free survival. Analyses used Cox proportional hazards and flexible parametric models, adjusted for stratification factors. The primary outcome analysis was by intention to treat. Two prespecified subgroup analyses tested the effects of prostate radiotherapy by baseline metastatic burden and radiotherapy schedule. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00268476.
FINDINGS
Between Jan 22, 2013, and Sept 2, 2016, 2061 men underwent randomisation, 1029 were allocated the control and 1032 radiotherapy. Allocated groups were balanced, with a median age of 68 years (IQR 63-73) and median amount of prostate-specific antigen of 97 ng/mL (33-315). 367 (18%) patients received early docetaxel. 1082 (52%) participants nominated the daily radiotherapy schedule before randomisation and 979 (48%) the weekly schedule. 819 (40%) men had a low metastatic burden, 1120 (54%) had a high metastatic burden, and the metastatic burden was unknown for 122 (6%). Radiotherapy improved failure-free survival (HR 0·76, 95% CI 0·68-0·84; p<0·0001) but not overall survival (0·92, 0·80-1·06; p=0·266). Radiotherapy was well tolerated, with 48 (5%) adverse events (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grade 3-4) reported during radiotherapy and 37 (4%) after radiotherapy. The proportion reporting at least one severe adverse event (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 or worse) was similar by treatment group in the safety population (398 [38%] with control and 380 [39%] with radiotherapy).
INTERPRETATION
Radiotherapy to the prostate did not improve overall survival for unselected patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer.
FUNDING
Cancer Research UK, UK Medical Research Council, Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Astellas, Clovis Oncology, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi-Aventis.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- hybrid
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32486-3
- PMID 30355464
- Persistent URL
- https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/222519
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