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Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients: a review.

  • Gao YD Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China.
  • Ding M Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China.
  • Dong X Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China.
  • Zhang JJ Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China.
  • Azkur AK Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, Turkey.
  • Azkur D Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, Turkey.
  • Gan H Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China.
  • Sun YL Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China.
  • Fu W Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China.
  • Li W Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China.
  • Liang HL Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China.
  • Cao YY Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China.
  • Yan Q Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
  • Cao C Department of Allergology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China.
  • Gao HY Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
  • Brüggen MC Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • van de Veen W Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Sokolowska M Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Akdis M Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Akdis CA Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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  • 2020-11-13
Published in:
  • Allergy. - 2020
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Type I IFNs
age
asthma
blood cell count
chest CT imaging
comorbidities
complications
critical illness
diet
ethnicity
gender
lifestyle
mortality
proinflammatory cytokines
risk factors
severity
smoking
symptoms
thromboembolisms
treatment
English The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused an unprecedented global social and economic impact, and high numbers of deaths. Many risk factors have been identified in the progression of COVID-19 into a severe and critical stage, including old age, male gender, underlying comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic lung disease, heart, liver and kidney diseases, tumors, clinically apparent immunodeficiencies, local immunodeficiencies, such as early type-I interferon secretion capacity, and pregnancy. Possible complications include acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, disseminated coagulopathy, acute kidney injury, pulmonary embolism, and secondary bacterial pneumonia. The development of lymphopenia and eosinopenia are laboratory indicators of COVID-19. Laboratory parameters to monitor disease progression include lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and ferritin. The development of a cytokine storm and extensive chest computed tomography imaging patterns are indicators of a severe disease. In addition, socioeconomic status, diet, lifestyle, geographical differences, ethnicity, exposed viral load, day of initiation of treatment, and quality of health care have been reported to influence individual outcomes. In this review, we highlight the scientific evidence on the risk factors of severity of COVID-19.
Language
  • English
Open access status
bronze
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Persistent URL
https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/199028
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