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Overview of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition: Study of Preindustrial-like Aerosols and Their Climate Effects (ACE-SPACE)

  • Schmale, Julia Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
  • Baccarini, Andrea Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
  • Thurnherr, Iris Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
  • Henning, Silvia Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
  • Efraim, Avichay The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
  • Regayre, Leighton Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
  • Bolas, Conor University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  • Hartmann, Markus Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
  • Welti, André Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
  • Lehtipalo, Katrianne Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland, and Finnish Meteorological Institute, and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, and Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  • Aemisegger, Franziska Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
  • Tatzelt, Christian Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
  • Landwehr, Sebastian Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
  • Modini, Robin L. Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
  • Tummon, Fiona Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
  • Johnson, Jill S. Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
  • Harris, Neil Centre for Environmental and Agricultural Informatics, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
  • Schnaiter, Martin Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
  • Toffoli, Alessandro Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • Derkani, Marzieh Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • Bukowiecki, Nicolas Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
  • Stratmann, Frank Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany
  • Dommen, Josef Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
  • Baltensperger, Urs Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
  • Wernli, Heini Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
  • Rosenfeld, Daniel The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
  • Gysel-Beer, Martin Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
  • Carslaw, Ken S. Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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  • 2019-11-25
Published in:
  • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. - American Meteorological Society. - 2019, vol. 100, no. 11, p. 2260-2283
Atmospheric Science
English Abstract
Uncertainty in radiative forcing caused by aerosol–cloud interactions is about twice as large as for CO2 and remains the least well understood anthropogenic contribution to climate change. A major cause of uncertainty is the poorly quantified state of aerosols in the pristine preindustrial atmosphere, which defines the baseline against which anthropogenic effects are calculated. The Southern Ocean is one of the few remaining near-pristine aerosol environments on Earth, but there are very few measurements to help evaluate models. The Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition: Study of Preindustrial-like Aerosols and their Climate Effects (ACE-SPACE) took place between December 2016 and March 2017 and covered the entire Southern Ocean region (Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans; length of ship track >33,000 km) including previously unexplored areas. In situ measurements covered aerosol characteristics [e.g., chemical composition, size distributions, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations], trace gases, and meteorological variables. Remote sensing observations of cloud properties, the physical and microbial ocean state, and back trajectory analyses are used to interpret the in situ data. The contribution of sea spray to CCN in the westerly wind belt can be larger than 50%. The abundance of methanesulfonic acid indicates local and regional microbial influence on CCN abundance in Antarctic coastal waters and in the open ocean. We use the in situ data to evaluate simulated CCN concentrations from a global aerosol model. The extensive, available ACE-SPACE dataset (https://zenodo.org/communities/spi-ace?page=1&size=20) provides an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate models and to reduce the uncertainty in radiative forcing associated with the natural processes of aerosol emission, formation, transport, and processing occurring over the pristine Southern Ocean.
Language
  • English
Open access status
bronze
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Persistent URL
https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/160464
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