Conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis: A large multicentre study.

• Kuhle J Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK/ Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland.
• Disanto G Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK.
• Dobson R Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK.
• Adiutori R Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK.
• Bianchi L Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK.
• Topping J Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK.
• Bestwick JP Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School for Medicine and Dentistry, UK.
• Meier UC Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK.
• Marta M Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK.
• Dalla Costa G Department of Neurology and INSPE, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Italy.
• Runia T Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
• Evdoshenko E Centre of Multiple Sclerosis, City Clinical Hospital#31, Russia.
• Lazareva N Centre of Multiple Sclerosis, City Clinical Hospital#31, Russia.
• Thouvenot E Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier, France, and Hôpital Carémeau, France.
• Iaffaldano P Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy.
• Direnzo V Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy.
• Khademi M Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
• Piehl F Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
• Comabella M Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Receca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
• Sombekke M Departments of Neurology and Clinical Chemistry, MS Center, Neurocampus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, The Netherlands and BioMS-eu network.
• Killestein J Departments of Neurology and Clinical Chemistry, MS Center, Neurocampus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, The Netherlands and BioMS-eu network.
• Hegen H Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria.
• Rauch S Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria.
• D'Alfonso S Department of Health Sciences and IRCAD, Eastern Piedmont University, Italy.
• Alvarez-Cermeño JC Department of Neurology and Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Spain.
• Kleinová P Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic.
• Horáková D Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic.
• Roesler R Department of Neurology, CSF Laboratory and MS Outpatient Unit, University of Ulm, Germany.
• Lauda F Department of Neurology, CSF Laboratory and MS Outpatient Unit, University of Ulm, Germany.
• Llufriu S Center for Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology. Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain.
• Avsar T Dr Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology-Biotechnology and Genetics Research Centre, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey.
• Uygunoglu U Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Turkey.
• Altintas A Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Turkey.
• Saip S Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Turkey.
• Menge T Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany.
• Rajda C Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Hungary.
• Bergamaschi R C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Italy.
• Moll N Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Timone, Laboratoire d'histocompatibilité, Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes Méditerrannée, Aix Marseille Université, France.
• Khalil M Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
• Marignier R Department of Neurology, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, France.
• Dujmovic I Clinic of Neurology, Belgrade University School of Medicine, Serbia.
• Larsson H Unit of Functional Imaging, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
• Malmestrom C Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
• Scarpini E Neurology Unit, Dept. of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Policlinico.
• Fenoglio C Neurology Unit, Dept. of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Policlinico.
• Wergeland S KG Jebsen Centre for MS-Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway.
• Laroni A Department of Neurology, University of Genoa, Italy.
• Annibali V Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Italy.
• Romano S Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Italy.
• Martínez AD Department of Neurology of Hospital Británico of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
• Carra A Department of Neurology of Hospital Británico of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
• Salvetti M Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Italy.
• Uccelli A Department of Neurology, University of Genoa, Italy.
• Torkildsen Ø KG Jebsen Centre for MS-Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway.
• Myhr KM Department of Neurology, University of Genoa, Italy.
• Galimberti D Neurology Unit, Dept. of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Policlinico.
• Rejdak K Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
• Lycke J Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
• Frederiksen JL Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
• Drulovic J Clinic of Neurology, Belgrade University School of Medicine, Serbia.
• Confavreux C Department of Neurology, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, France.
• Brassat D Department of Neurology, University of Toulouse, France.
• Enzinger C Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
• Fuchs S Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
• Bosca I MS Unit, Neurology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Instituto de investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Spain.
• Pelletier J Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Timone, Laboratoire d'histocompatibilité, Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes Méditerrannée, Aix Marseille Université, France.
• Picard C Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Timone, Laboratoire d'histocompatibilité, Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes Méditerrannée, Aix Marseille Université, France.
• Colombo E C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Italy.
• Franciotta D C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Italy.
• Derfuss T Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland.
• Lindberg R Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland.
• Yaldizli Ö Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland.
• Vécsei L Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Hungary.
• Kieseier BC Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany.
• Hartung HP Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany.
• Villoslada P Center for Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology. Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain.
• Siva A Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Turkey.
• Saiz A Center for Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology. Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS) - Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain.
• Tumani H Department of Neurology, CSF Laboratory and MS Outpatient Unit, University of Ulm, Germany.
• Havrdová E Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic.
• Villar LM Department of Neurology and Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Spain.
• Leone M MS Centre, SCDU Neurology, Head and Neck Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Italy.
• Barizzone N Department of Health Sciences and IRCAD, Eastern Piedmont University, Italy.
• Deisenhammer F Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria.
• Teunissen C Departments of Neurology and Clinical Chemistry, MS Center, Neurocampus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, The Netherlands and BioMS-eu network.
• Montalban X Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Receca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
• Tintoré M Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Receca Vall d'Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
• Olsson T Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
• Trojano M Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy.
• Lehmann S Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier, France, and Hôpital Carémeau, France.
• Castelnovo G Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier, France, and Hôpital Carémeau, France.
• Lapin S Centre of Multiple Sclerosis, City Clinical Hospital#31, Russia.
• Hintzen R Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
• Kappos L Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland.
• Furlan R Department of Neurology and INSPE, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Italy.
• Martinelli V Department of Neurology and INSPE, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Italy.
• Comi G Department of Neurology and INSPE, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Italy.
• Ramagopalan SV Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, UK.
• Giovannoni G Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK g.giovannoni@qmul.ac.uk.

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Clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS)

Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1)

clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)

oligoclonal bands (OCBs)

serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D)

Adult

Cohort Studies

Disease Progression

Endonucleases

Female

Follow-Up Studies

Humans

Immunoglobulin G

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Male

Multiple Sclerosis

Nuclear Proteins

Oligoclonal Bands

Predictive Value of Tests

Prognosis

Risk Assessment

Survival Analysis

Vitamin D