Journal article
Assessing Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension With a Scoring System Based on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings.
- Dobrocky T University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Grunder L University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Breiding PS University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Branca M Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Limacher A Clinical Trials Unit Bern, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Mosimann PJ University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Mordasini P University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Zibold F University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Haeni L Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Jesse CM Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Fung C Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Raabe A Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Ulrich CT Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Gralla J University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Beck J Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
- Piechowiak EI University Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
- 2019-02-19
Published in:
- JAMA neurology. - 2019
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Brain
Case-Control Studies
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
Cranial Sinuses
Dura Mater
Female
Humans
Intracranial Hypotension
Logistic Models
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Myelography
Subdural Space
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Young Adult
English
Importance
Various signs may be observed on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). However, the lack of a classification system integrating these findings limits decision making in clinical practice.
Objective
To develop a probability score based on the most relevant brain MRI findings to assess the likelihood of an underlying spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in patients with SIH.
Design, Setting, and Participants
This case-control study in consecutive patients investigated for SIH was conducted at a single hospital department from February 2013 to October 2017. Patients with missing brain MRI data were excluded. Three blinded readers retrospectively reviewed the brain MRI scans of patients with SIH and a spinal CSF leak, patients with orthostatic headache without a CSF leak, and healthy control participants, evaluating 9 quantitative and 7 qualitative signs. A predictive diagnostic score based on multivariable backward logistic regression analysis was then derived. Its performance was validated internally in a prospective cohort of patients who had clinical suspicion for SIH.
Main Outcomes and Measures
Likelihood of a spinal CSF leak based on the proposed diagnostic score.
Results
A total of 152 participants (101 female [66.4%]; mean [SD] age, 46.1 [14.3] years) were studied. These included 56 with SIH and a spinal CSF leak, 16 with orthostatic headache without a CSF leak, 60 control participants, and 20 patients in the validation cohort. Six imaging findings were included in the final scoring system. Three were weighted as major (2 points each): pachymeningeal enhancement, engorgement of venous sinus, and effacement of the suprasellar cistern of 4.0 mm or less. Three were considered minor (1 point each): subdural fluid collection, effacement of the prepontine cistern of 5.0 mm or less, and mamillopontine distance of 6.5 mm or less. Patients were classified into groups at low, intermediate, or high probability of having a spinal CSF leak, with total scores of 2 points or fewer, 3 to 4 points, and 5 points or more, respectively, on a scale of 9 points. The discriminatory ability of the proposed score could be demonstrated in the validation cohort.
Conclusions and Relevance
This 3-tier predictive scoring system is based on the 6 most relevant brain MRI findings and allows assessment of the likelihood (low, intermediate, or high) of a positive spinal imaging result in patients with SIH. It may be useful in identifying patients with SIH who are leak positive and in whom further invasive myelographic examinations are warranted before considering targeted therapy.
Various signs may be observed on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). However, the lack of a classification system integrating these findings limits decision making in clinical practice.
Objective
To develop a probability score based on the most relevant brain MRI findings to assess the likelihood of an underlying spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in patients with SIH.
Design, Setting, and Participants
This case-control study in consecutive patients investigated for SIH was conducted at a single hospital department from February 2013 to October 2017. Patients with missing brain MRI data were excluded. Three blinded readers retrospectively reviewed the brain MRI scans of patients with SIH and a spinal CSF leak, patients with orthostatic headache without a CSF leak, and healthy control participants, evaluating 9 quantitative and 7 qualitative signs. A predictive diagnostic score based on multivariable backward logistic regression analysis was then derived. Its performance was validated internally in a prospective cohort of patients who had clinical suspicion for SIH.
Main Outcomes and Measures
Likelihood of a spinal CSF leak based on the proposed diagnostic score.
Results
A total of 152 participants (101 female [66.4%]; mean [SD] age, 46.1 [14.3] years) were studied. These included 56 with SIH and a spinal CSF leak, 16 with orthostatic headache without a CSF leak, 60 control participants, and 20 patients in the validation cohort. Six imaging findings were included in the final scoring system. Three were weighted as major (2 points each): pachymeningeal enhancement, engorgement of venous sinus, and effacement of the suprasellar cistern of 4.0 mm or less. Three were considered minor (1 point each): subdural fluid collection, effacement of the prepontine cistern of 5.0 mm or less, and mamillopontine distance of 6.5 mm or less. Patients were classified into groups at low, intermediate, or high probability of having a spinal CSF leak, with total scores of 2 points or fewer, 3 to 4 points, and 5 points or more, respectively, on a scale of 9 points. The discriminatory ability of the proposed score could be demonstrated in the validation cohort.
Conclusions and Relevance
This 3-tier predictive scoring system is based on the 6 most relevant brain MRI findings and allows assessment of the likelihood (low, intermediate, or high) of a positive spinal imaging result in patients with SIH. It may be useful in identifying patients with SIH who are leak positive and in whom further invasive myelographic examinations are warranted before considering targeted therapy.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- bronze
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4921
- PMID 30776059
- Persistent URL
- https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/33385
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