"Supplementary material to: ""Assessing the socio-economic impacts of priority marine invasive fishes in the Mediterranean with the newly proposed SEICAT methodology"", by Marika Galanidi*1, Argyro Zenetos2 & Sven Bacher3, Authors' affiliations: 1 Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Dokuz Eylül University, Haydar Aliyev Bul., No:100, 35430, Inciralt?-Izmir, Turkey 2 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, GR-19013 Anavyssos, Greece 3Department of Biology, Ecology & Evolution, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10 CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland , *corresponding author: marika.galanidi@gmail.com" Species name Impact Mechanism Activity Confidence Rationale for confidence Citation from text Full Reference Location Comments Plotosus lineatus MN health commercial fishing medium "Direct observational evidence, scale typical, data reliable" " Data were obtained from a survey on injuries from marine organisms conducted among professional fishermen along the Mediterranean coast of Israel and from medical records reporting toxicological consultations provided by the Israel Poison Information Center. The most common injuries (by marine organisms) reported by fishermen were caused by stingrays (30%), weever fish (22%), rabbit fish (13%), and marine catfish P.lineatus (10% or 8 cases)”. Israeli trawl fishermen reported a rise in the prevalence of injuries and concern over their (P. lineatus) severe effects only from 2003–2004 and onwards. Most injuries from this economically worthless fish occurred when the fishermen removed them from the catch with unprotected hands. The intensity of pain inflicted by this fish was high, sometimes described as intolerable and causing the fishermen to seek medical attention. " "Gweta, S., Spanier, E., and Bentur, Y. (2008). Venomous fish injuries along the Israeli Mediterranean coast: Scope and characterization. Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 10, 783–788." Israel (4 ports all along the coast) Plotosus lineatus MN "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing medium "There is some observational evidence, scale is typical, some information is inferred" "Data was collected from 208 commercial trawl hauls in surveys conducted from November 2008 to January 2011. P. lineatus...is discarded at all sizes by Israeli fishermen. In shallow (<37m) and medium (37-83m) strata, P. lineatus accounted for 17.7 and 2.4% of all fishes. In shallow strata, catfishes amounted to 10.4% of all organisms in catches. In shallow strata, it was constantly one of the 3 most abundant species in hauls. Juveniles totaled 3,201 and accounted for 86.9% of the specimens (in terms of abundance). {The main problem identified with these discard rates was an increase in the time required to sort the catch, as P.lineatus is highly venomous and extra care is needed for its handling. Dor Edelist, personal communication, June 2017} " "Edelist, D., Golani, D., Rilov, G., and Spanier, E. (2012). The invasive venomous striped eel catfish Plotosus lineatus in the Levant: Possible mechanisms facilitating its rapid invasional success. Mar. Biol. 159, 283–290. doi:10.1007/s00227-011-1806-4. {Dor Edelist, personal communication to Marika Galanidi, June 2017}" Israel (all along the coast) Plotosus lineatus MN "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing low "Some direct observational evidence, person to person communication" The presence of the venomous striped eel catfish Plotosus lineatus in the shallows during daytime often results in these (prawn) trawlers avoiding shallow waters during the daytime "Edelist, D., Scheinin, A., Sonin, O., Shapiro, J., Salameh, P., Rilov, G., et al. (2013). Israel: Reconstructed estimates of total fisheries removals in the Mediterranean, 1950-2010. " Israel Plotosus lineatus MN health commercial fishing medium "Direct observational evidence, scale typical, data reliable" " Plotosus lineatus is a new fish in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea. It affects fishermen handling fishing nets, and beach hikers stepping on or holding it. Injuries caused by its spines usually result in minor effects; pain may be intense. Eighty four cases were included (in this study, as reported to the Israel Poison Information Center, Rambam Health Care Campus between 2007-2016). 94% and 4.8% were mildly and moderately injured, respectively. Main local manifestations included pain, puncture wound, swelling, and erythema (90.5%, 70.2%, 33.3%, and 16.7%, respectively). Systemic signs were minor and infrequent ( 7.1%), including hypertension, tachycardia, vomiting, chills, and weakness. " "Bentur, Y., Altunin, S., Levdov, I., Golani, D., Spanier, E., Edelist, D., et al. (2017). The clinical effects of the venomous Lessepsian migrant fish Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787) in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea. Clinical Toxicology, doi:10.1080/15563650.2017.1386308" Israel all along the coast Plotosus lineatus MN health recreational activities (going to the beach) medium "Direct observational evidence, scale typical, data reliable" " Plotosus lineatus is a new fish in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea. It affects fishermen handling fishing nets, and beach hikers stepping on or holding it. Injuries caused by its spines usually result in minor effects; pain may be intense. Eighty four cases were included (in this study, as reported to the national Poison Center between 2007-2016). 94% and 4.8% were mildly and moderately injured, respectively. Main local manifestations included pain, puncture wound, swelling, and erythema (90.5%, 70.2%, 33.3%, and 16.7%, respectively). Systemic signs were minor and infrequent ( 7.1%), including hypertension, tachycardia, vomiting, chills, and weakness. " "Bentur, Y., Altunin, S., Levdov, I., Golani, D., Spanier, E., Edelist, D., et al. (2017). The clinical effects of the venomous Lessepsian migrant fish Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787) in the Southeastern Mediterranean Sea. Clinical Toxicology, doi:10.1080/15563650.2017.1386308" Israel all along the coast Lagocephalus sceleratus MN health multiple activities medium "Direct observational evidence, scale typical, data reliable BUT is is known that tetrodoxin poisoning can be fatal" "Thirteen patients aged 26–70 years were admitted (to the hospital between 2005-2008) after consuming L. sceleratus. Signs of toxicity appeared within 1 h. The main manifestations included vomiting, diarrhea, headache, paraesthesias, slurred speech, muscle weakness, dyspnea, hypertension, tachycardia, respiratory arrest, seizures and coma. Treatment was supportive, including mechanical ventilation (two patients). Patients recovered within 4 days. The most severely poisoned patient (a 33 year old healthy male) ate the entire liver of the fish. His symptoms began within 10 min, during the meal, and rapidly progressed. He suffered from whole body paraesthesias, vomiting, dyspnea, and hypertension (240/120 mmHg), lost consciousness, became cyanotic and required mechanical ventilation for 24 h. Another severely poisoned patient ate almost a whole fish liver." "Bentur, Y., Ashkar, J., Lurie, Y., Levy, Y., Azzam, Z. S., Litmanovich, M., et al. (2008). Lessepsian migration and tetrodotoxin poisoning due to Lagocephalus sceleratus in the eastern Mediterranean. Toxicon 52, 964–968. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.10.001." "Israel (Haifa to Ashkelon, along the coast)" Lagocephalus sceleratus MN health multiple activities medium "Direct observational evidence, scale local, data reliable " "A 68 year-old woman, with hypertension and diabetes, was brought to the Emergency Department of the Hopital Universitaire de Notre Dame De Secours (Lebanon), in January 2008 complaining of proximal limb weakness and dyspnea. Four hours prior to her arrival, the patient had eaten a half-cooked fish liver (later identified as coming from L. sceleratus). Three hours and thirty minutes later, she started feeling a tingling sensation in the perioral region and in the tip of her fingers associated with blurred vision, head heaviness, nausea and one episode of vomiting. Ten minutes later, she lost her ability to hold her head up and had developed weakness of her upper and lower extremities. This was accompanied by mild abdominal distention and urinary urgency. The patient then developed quadriplegia, hypophonia and dysarthria. She complained of dyspnea, ophtalmoplegia and had an absent gag reflex. Subsequently, the patient underwent endotracheal intubation. (The woman recovered after treatment.)" "Chamandi, S. C., Kallab, K., Mattar, H., and Nader, E. (2009). Human Poisoning after ingestion of puffer fish caught from Mediterranean sea. Middle East J. Anaesthesiol. 20, 285–288." Lebanon Lagocephalus sceleratus MN health multiple activities medium Impact is recorded at a local scale "Despite the awareness campaign, a serious case of intoxication by silver-cheeked toadfish {another common name for the pufferfish L.sceleratus} was registered in August 12, 2013 in Gafsa, an inland town located about 110 Km (airline) West from the (Tunisian) coastline. This incident, immediately reported by national television and newspapers, was attributed to the commercialization of L. sceleratus in the internal areas of the country, were no specific actions were carried out to inform people about the risks posed by this species." "Ben Souissi, J., Rifi, M., Ghanem, R., Ghozzi, L., Boughedir, W., and Azzurro, E. (2014). Lagocephalus sceleratus ( Gmelin , 1789 ) expands through the African coasts towards the Western Mediterranean Sea?: a call for awareness. Manag. Biol. Invasions 5, 357–362." "Tunisia, Gafsa" Lagocephalus sceleratus MO health multiple activities low "Evidence is poor, impact is recorded at the local scale" "The most severe case of adverse impact on human health is that of the puffer fish, Lagocephalus sceleratus. Although sold beheaded and eviscerated, it soon proved to be a serious hazard to consumers, causing paralysis of the mouth and limbs. Four lethal cases occurred in Alexandria following consumption of L.sceleratus due to tetrodotoxin." "Halim, Y., and Rizkalla, S. (2011). Aliens in egyptian mediterranean waters. A check-list of Erythrean fish with new records. Mediterr. Mar. Sci. 12, 479–490." "Egypt, Alexandria" Lagocephalus sceleratus health multiple activities "Impact from the native range, not scored" "In Egypt, many physicians observed sporadic cases of food poisoning after eating this specific type of fish. In the last ten years, the rate of these cases has progressive increased...toxicity of puffer fish is now a common form of poisoning throughout Egyptian coastal cities such as Suez city. In Suez city, the majority of people eat puffer fish without developing any toxic manifestations, but some of them complain of different toxic signs and symptoms without any residual affection and others die . " "Elshama, S. S., Zaki, M. A., and Metwally, M. E. (2011). Factors affecting the clinical picture & prognosis of puffer fish poisoning in Suez city during year of 2008. Ain Shams J. Forensic Med. Clin. Toxicol. XVI, 99–109." "Egypt, Suez city" "impact from the native range, not scored" Lagocephalus sceleratus health multiple activities "Review article, offers explanations for frequency of intoxication" " TTX (tetrodotoxin) is not destroyed by heat while cooking the fish and intoxication cases are mainly due to lack of awareness among consumers, misidentification of species or due to erroneous traditional conception of detoxification methods." "Nader, M., Indary, S., and Boustany, L. (2012). The Puffer Fish Lagocephalus Sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Gcp/Int/041/Ec – Gre – Ita/Td-10, 1–33." Eastern Med Lagocephalus sceleratus health multiple activities "Impact from the native range, not scored" "Nine patients with history of puffer fish ingestion transferred to General Suez Hospital. According to clinical grading system for tetrodotoxin toxicity, three patients had grade 1 and another three had grade 2 but, three fatal cases had grade 3 and their condition worsened and became grade 4. Fatal cases ate gonads and head of fish and the cause of death was respiratory failure. Grade 1 is characterized by perioral numbness and paraesthesia while grade 2 shows numbness of tongue, face and other areas, incoordination and slurred speech. Grade 3 is manifested by flaccid paralysis, dyspnoea and aphonia . Grade 4 is respiratory failure and coma." "Elshama, S. S., Zaki, M. A., and Metwally, M. E. (2011). Factors affecting the clinical picture & prognosis of puffer fish poisoning in Suez city during year of 2008. Ain Shams J. Forensic Med. Clin. Toxicol. XVI, 99–109." "Egypt, Suez city" "impact from the native range, not scored" Lagocephalus sceleratus MO health multiple activities low "Impact is recorded at a local scale, consumption can be avoided, report without reference to data source" "This species is also consumed in Lebanon by some fishers and a small number of consumers ignorant of the health threats it poses where several cases of unofficial intoxication have been reported in that country after eating L. sceleratus. The only official record was in 2008 when a 68 year old woman complaining of limb weakness and dyspnea was brought to a hospital in Beirut. The family revealed after questioning that she had eaten a half-cooked liver of L. sceleratus (Chamandi et al., 2009, see record a few rows above - this is not scored here). Even though in that particular case the woman survived, the local media records seven cases of death (this is the scored record) in the past few years in Lebanon due to consumption of puffer fishes. As a result, the Lebanese authorities banned in 2011 the fishing, selling and consuming of all puffer fishes including L. sceleratus." "Nader, M., Indary, S., and Boustany, L. (2012). The Puffer Fish Lagocephalus Sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Gcp/Int/041/Ec – Gre – Ita/Td-10, 1–33." Lebanon Lagocephalus sceleratus MN health multiple activities medium "There is some evidence to support the assessment, personal accounts of people affected, consumption can be avoided" "In this study (conducted between 2011-2012), 29% of the (261 interviewed) ?shers admitted they have consumed Lagocephalus sceleratus at least once and consequently 18.5% of them have reported health issues following consumption" "Ünal, V., Göncüo?lu, H., Durgun, D., Tosuno?lu, Z., Deval, M. C., and Turan, C. (2015). Silver-cheeked toadfish, Lagocephalus sceleratus (Actinopterygii, Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae), causes a substantial economic losses in the Turkish Mediterranean coast?: A call for decision makers. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 45, 231–237. doi:10.3750/AIP2015.45.3.02." "Turkey, all along the south coast" Lagocephalus sceleratus MN health multiple activities medium "There is some evidence to support the assessment, personal accounts of people affected, consumption can be avoided" " In 2013-2014, 38% of the (215 interviewed) fishers reported that they consumed pufferfish, and 11% of those who consumed it stated that they experienced the symptoms of intoxication. An increase in the consumption of pufferfish (compared with the 2011-2012 study, see above) despite its being poisonous shows that studies on raising the awareness in this regard have not been effective enough. " "Ünal, V., and Göncüo?lu Bodur, H. (2017). The socio-economic impacts of the silver-cheeked toadfish on small-scale fishers: A comparative study from the Turkish coast. Ege J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 34, 119–127. doi:10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.2.01." "Turkey, all along the south coast" Lagocephalus sceleratus health multiple activities Record does not document an impact but relates to awareness of toxicity by consumers "All ?shermen (25 interviewed anglers) had previously been noti?ed that puffer ?sh were poisonous but did not believe this was truly the case, admitting that they had all caught and regularly sold puffer ?sh; ?ve ?shermen and ?sh dealers claimed to have sold puffer ?sh to local hotels. All 37 stall workers and/or owners of the 11 open market ?sh stands appeared anxious on questioning and denied ever buying puffer ?sh from anglers or dealers, or selling puffer ?sh to the public, despite puffer ?sh being physically present for sale on some stands. Seventy-eight per cent of (100 interviewed) customers in the same areas as the open market ?sh stands had never heard of puffer ?sh. Of the 22 customers who had heard of puffer ?sh, only ?ve were aware of the poisonous nature of puffer ?sh. Two-thirds of the customers bought seafood according to the seller’s advice. Three-quarters of the customers could not visually distinguish puffer ?sh from other ?sh. " "Beköz, A. B., Beköz, S., Yilmaz, E., Tüzün, S., and Beköz, U. (2013). Consequences of the increasing prevalence of the poisonous Lagocephalus sceleratus in southern Turkey. Emerg. Med. J. 30, 954–5. doi:10.1136/emermed-2011-200407." "Turkey, Antalya" Lagocephalus sceleratus health multiple activities "Ukrainian tanker TAMANSKIY requested immediate assistance on Dec 23 13, reporting mass food poisoning on board. Vessel was off Crete Island, Mediterranean sea, en route to Damietta, Egypt. Greek Coast Guard patrol boat was dispatched to pick up ill seamen. Boat took on board five crew members and delivered them to Ierapetra, Crete. They’ve been transferred to local hospital." https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2013/2876/mass-poisoning-board-ukrainian-tanker-tamanskiy-me/ "Greece, Crete" Lagocephalus sceleratus MN health multiple activities medium "Impact is recorded at a local scale, consumption can be avoided" "? ???????? ??????????, ? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????????, ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ? ????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????, ? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????, ???? ???????? ?? cteteplus.gr. ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ??????????, ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????, ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ??????. ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ????, ??????? ?????? ?????????, ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????????." http://www.iefimerida.gr/news/136604/n%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF-%CE%AD%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD-%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8C-%CF%84%CE%BF-%CF%88%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9-%CE%AD%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BD-%CF%83%CE%B5-%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B1-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1-%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82-%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AE-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD-%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BA "Greece, Crete" "same incident, additional information in Greek from local press" Lagocephalus sceleratus MN health multiple activities medium "Impact is recorded at a local scale, consumption can be avoided" "Local newspaper article reporting on the severe poisoning of two Russian tourists who consumed pufferfish that one of them fished in Cyprus. The 21-year old man entered a coma, whereas his 65-year old mother suffered a cardiac arrest and was successfully resuscitated. Both were intubated and admitted to the ICU but sucessfully recovered." http://agonaskritis.gr/%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD-%CE%BC%CE%B5-%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF-%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7/ Cyprus newspaper article in Greek Lagocephalus sceleratus MO health multiple activities low "Information not very clear, evidenence is poor (newspaper article). Impact is recorded at a local scale, consumption can be avoided" Local newspaper article reporting on two deaths in Lattakia resulting from L. sceleratus consumption and numerous other cases of poisoning and deaths (8-10) around Syria. Article published on 04/11/2016 https://syriaalyom.com/index/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%83-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0%D9%82%D9%8A/ "Syria, Lattakia" newspaper article in Arabic Lagocephalus sceleratus MO health multiple activities medium "Impact is recorded at a local scale, consumption can be avoided (?)" Local newspaper article reporting the death of two people and the poisoning of another three from the same family resulting from L. sceleratus consumption (raw flesh). Article published on 08/05/2014 http://emediatc.com/index.php?page=Details&category_id=10&id=8211 "Syria, Tartous" newspaper article in Arabic Lagocephalus sceleratus MO health multiple activities low "Information not very clear, evidenence is poor (newspaper article). Impact is recorded at a local scale, consumption can be avoided (?)" "Local newspaper article reporting the death of 13 people resulting from L. sceleratus consumption in Lattakia, Syria in the past year alone. The article was published on 12/11/2017 and the information comes from the director of the Lattakia National Hospital." http://www.sana.sy/?p=658645 "Syria, Lattakia" newspaper article in Arabic Lagocephalus sceleratus MO health multiple activities medium "Impact is recorded at a local scale, consumption can be avoided (?)" Local newspaper article reporting the death of a 4-year old Palestinian girl and the poisoning of 4 other members of her family after consuming L. sceleratus that was purchased from a street vendor. The family lived in a refugee camp in Sidon. http://saidacity.net/mobile/_common.php?cache_time=0&news_id=14542 Lebanon newspaper article in Arabic Lagocephalus sceleratus MN "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing low "Some direct observational evidence, person to person communication" The voracious silver-cheeked toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus) forced longliners to use steel instead of nylon cables "Edelist, D., Scheinin, A., Sonin, O., Shapiro, J., Salameh, P., Rilov, G., et al. (2013). Israel: Reconstructed estimates of total fisheries removals in the Mediterranean, 1950-2010. " Israel Lagocephalus sceleratus MN "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing medium "There is some direct observational evidence, some information is inferred, scale typical" L.sceleratus often damages both the fishing gear and the catch of the fishermen with its powerful jaws "DFMR, 2008. Annual report on the Cyprus fisheries for the year 2008. Department of Fisheries and Marine Research. Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Nicosia, Cyprus" Cyprus Lagocephalus sceleratus MN "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing low "No direct observational evidence, person to person communication" "In some areas, many fishermen have even altered their fishing methods (gear, depths, time of the day, etc.) in order to avoid interaction with this species " "Katsanevakis, S., Tsiamis, K., Ioannou, G., Michailidis, N., and Zenetos, A. (2009). Inventory of alien marine species of Cyprus (2009). Mediterr. Mar. Sci. 10, 109–133. doi:10.12681/mms.113." Cyprus personal observation of Ioannou & Michailidis Lagocephalus sceleratus MN "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing low Discard rates are accepted as an impact report but confidence is low since some information is inferred the landings of the species reached around 4% of the total landings of the Cyprus inshore fisheries in 2009 and 2010 EastMed (2010). REPORT OF THE TECHNICAL MEETING ON THE LESSEPSIAN MIGRATION AND ITS IMPACT ON EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERY. Cyprus unpublished statistics of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Research of Cyprus Lagocephalus sceleratus DD "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing There is some observational evidence but it is difficult to interpret. No accompanying data to link these population declines with L.sceleratus. "According to DFMR unpublished data and reports from the artisanal fishermen, there seems to be an effect of the increasing L. sceleratus population, at least since 2006, on the cephalopod populations in Cyprus (Figure 22 showing declines in annual landings of Octopus vulgaris, Sepia officinalis and Loligo vulgaris in Cyprus since 2006). " EastMed (2010). REPORT OF THE TECHNICAL MEETING ON THE LESSEPSIAN MIGRATION AND ITS IMPACT ON EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERY. Cyprys Lagocephalus sceleratus "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing "This is not a description of an impact according to SEICAT criteria. => No decrease in the ""fitness"" of the activity is described. " "The relatively high percentage of stomachs including both fish and pieces of net {this study} could suggest that L. sceleratus often preys on fast swimming fish when they are already entangled in nets... items most probably used as bait (animal flesh and bones, potatoes etc.), as well as pieces of fishing net (8.4%) and hooks (0.2%) were also found" EastMed (2010). REPORT OF THE TECHNICAL MEETING ON THE LESSEPSIAN MIGRATION AND ITS IMPACT ON EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERY. Cyprus Lagocephalus sceleratus "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing "Synthesis from review article, not scored" Lebanese fishers are complaining from the damage caused to their gears and their catch. Some have already started adding a metallic wire at the end of their fishing lines to prevent the fish from biting through them therefore reducing the loss of hooks and weights. "Nader, M., Indary, S., and Boustany, L. (2012). The Puffer Fish Lagocephalus Sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Gcp/Int/041/Ec – Gre – Ita/Td-10, 1–33." Lebanon "Reviw article, the particular citation refers to Lebanon" Lagocephalus sceleratus MN "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing low "No direct observational evidence, information is inferred, personal accounts of people affected" "When it comes to pot users {among Lebanese fishermen}, complaints reveal that this species either eats the catch or keeps fish away from entering the pots." "Nader, M., Indary, S., and Boustany, L. (2012). The Puffer Fish Lagocephalus Sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Gcp/Int/041/Ec – Gre – Ita/Td-10, 1–33." Lebanon "Reviw article, the particular citation refers to Lebanon" Lagocephalus sceleratus "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing "Synthesis from review article, not scored" "L. sceleratus is considered a major nuisance by fishers since it damages fishing gear by attacking fish caught in nets and lines, along with reducing local stocks of squids and octopus through predation. This species can easily cut lines and nets using its strong teeth. All of the above is affecting the well-being of the fishing community by increasing the time spent fishing, the mending and replacing of damaged gears and cleaning nets from puffer fishes and their remains. " "Nader, M., Indary, S., and Boustany, L. (2012). The Puffer Fish Lagocephalus Sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Gcp/Int/041/Ec – Gre – Ita/Td-10, 1–33." Synthesis from review article Lagocephalus sceleratus "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing "This is not a description of an impact according to SEICAT criteria. => No decrease in the ""fitness"" of the activity is described. " "fishing nets {in L.sceleratus stomachs} occurred at a relatively high frequency of 12.6%, which shows that this invasive species is a voracious predator attacking fish captured in nets and is capable of ripping and ingesting them" "Boustany, L., Indary, S. E. L., and Nader, M. (2015). Biological characteristics of the Lessepsian pufferfish Lagocephalus sceleratus ( Gmelin , 1789 ) off Lebanon. Cah. Biol. Mar. 56, 137–142." Lebanon Lagocephalus sceleratus MN "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing high "There is some direct observational evidence, some information is inferred, scale typical" " Face-to-face interviews were completed with a total of 261 ?shers from Izmir in the Middle Aegean region to Hatay in the Eastern Mediterranean region, to determine the problems arising from the presence of silver-cheeked toad? sh species in the ecosystem and the resulting associated economic losses for a 1-year from 1 January to 30 December 2011. 91% of the ?shers interviewed considered L. sceleratus a major problem for their ?shing activity and the responses on adverse effects on the capture ef?ciency were also similarly high (89%). 78% of ?sher’s ?shing gear was damaged by Lagocephalus sceleratus with calculated related losses 1300 TRY per year, per ?sherman;" "Ünal, V., Göncüo?lu, H., Durgun, D., Tosuno?lu, Z., Deval, M. C., and Turan, C. (2015). Silver-cheeked toadfish, Lagocephalus sceleratus (Actinopterygii, Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae), causes a substantial economic losses in the Turkish Mediterranean coast?: A call for decision makers. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 45, 231–237. doi:10.3750/AIP2015.45.3.02." "Turkey, all along the south coast" Lagocephalus sceleratus MN "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing high "There is some direct observational evidence, some information is inferred, scale typical" " The research is based on a dataset collected between January 1st, 2013 and January 1st, 2014 using face-to-face interviews with 215 fishers from 7 coastal cities from ?zmir-Çesme in the Middle Aegean region to Hatay-Samanda? in the Syrian border. Almost all of the fishers (97%) stated that this species damages the fish entangled in their nets. Therefore, it causes financial losses for the fishers by reducing fishing yield and value. The study revealed that 78% of ?sher’s ?shing gear {longlines and gillnets} was damaged by Lagocephalus sceleratus; The fishing gear loss per vessel in 2013-2014 is 2,554 Turkish Lira/year and labor loss for longline is 64.7 TL/year. The damage caused by pufferfish to the fish entangled in the fishing gear could not be monetized. The monetary loss in small-scale fishing doubled within two years (compared with the 2011-2012 study, see above). " "Ünal, V., and Göncüo?lu Bodur, H. (2017). The socio-economic impacts of the silver-cheeked toadfish on small-scale fishers: A comparative study from the Turkish coast. Ege J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 34, 119–127. doi:10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.2.01." "Turkey, all along the south coast" Lagocephalus sceleratus "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing "This is not a description of an impact according to SEICAT criteria. => No decrease in the ""fitness"" of the activity is described. " " 52 long-line hooks were found in 33 {L.sceleratus} stomachs, thus confirming the pest status of L. scleratus for commercial long-line fishermen" "Kalogirou, S. (2013). Ecological characteristics of the invasive pufferfish Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) in Rhodes, Eastern Mediterranean Sea. A case study. Mediterr. Mar. Sci. 14, 251–260. doi:10.12681/mms.364." "Greece, Rhodos island" Lagocephalus sceleratus MN "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing low "No evidence in this study to support the assessment, scale local, information reported without reference" "Adaptation of long- and handline fisheries included fishing in deeper areas (> 60 m), where L. sceleratus was considered to be absent, and reinforcement of fishing lines using steel" "Kalogirou, S. (2013). Ecological characteristics of the invasive pufferfish Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) in Rhodes, Eastern Mediterranean Sea. A case study. Mediterr. Mar. Sci. 14, 251–260. doi:10.12681/mms.364." "Greece, Rhodos island" Lagocephalus sceleratus "social and cultural relations, recreation" recreational fishing "This is not a description of an impact according to SEICAT criteria. => No decrease in the ""fitness"" of the activity is described. " "A hobby fishing attempt in Fethiye Bay resulted with three broken fishing lines, ten missing hooks and one L.sceleratus caught (slightly over 1 kg), just within five minutes" "Bilecenoglu, M. (2010). “Alien marine fishes of Turkey – an updated review,” in Fish Invasions of the Mediterranean Sea: Change and Renewal, eds. D. Golani and A. Appelbaum-Golani (Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow), 189–217." "Turkey, Fethiye Bay" Lagocephalus sceleratus MN "social and cultural relations, recreation" recreational fishing medium "There is some direct observational evidence, some information is inferred, scale local, impact may be higher" "This study was performed in order to determine how the increased pufferfish population has affected the region's angling. Data was obtained by conducting a survey with people (355 face-to-face) in recreational fishing activities from Iskenderun Bay. Pufferfish species are one fo the most caught species in the angling and longline fishery in the region. Although the pufferfish is considered a problem because of the damage it inflicts on the fishing gear, anglers are not too bothered by this situation; when they see the pufferfish caught, they prefer to cut the fishing line instead of landing the fish. However, they reported that it is not possible to catch an angling in the density of the pufferfish in this region because pufferfish species are always attacking regardless of whether it is bait or without bait." "Arslanta? E., Demirci, S., Demirci, A. (2017). Negative effects of pufferfish on the recreational fishery in Iskenderun Bay. International Symposium on Pufferfish, 13-14 October 2017, Bodrum Turkey." "Turkey, Iskenderun Bay" "abstract only, some linguistic ambiguities" Lagocephalus sceleratus MN "social and cultural relations, recreation" recreational fishing medium "There is some direct observational evidence, some information is inferred, scale local, higher impacts are not improbable" "Reports the encounter of a recreational spear-fisher with approximately 25 pufferfish, while he was spear-fishing 500m from the coast. The pufferfish followed him while he was swimming towards the shore and managed to get all the fish he had caught and was carrying on him, causing strong feelings of fear." http://www.neakriti.gr/?page=newsdetail&DocID=1330837 "Greece, Crete" newspaper article in Greek Lagocephalus sceleratus MN "safety, secure resource access" recreational activities (going to the beach) medium "There is some direct observational evidence, some information is inferred, scale local" Reports the encounter of an 8 year old playing in shallow waters with 4 large pufferfish that approached her. No injuries were reported but the child and her family communicated feelings of fear http://www.neakriti.gr/?page=newsdetail&DocID=1330837 "Greece, Crete" newspaper article in Greek Pterois volitans/miles DD "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing (spiny lobster) "This is not a description of an impact according to SEICAT criteria. => No decrease in the ""fitness"" of the activity is described. " "An inverse relationship existed between lobster and lionfish numbers in lobster shelter traps (condos) placed in sand and seagrass areas by local fishers, implying potential conflict for habitat use in non-enclosed fishing gear set in locations with little natural structure. Of the 83 condos visited, 11 contained a total of 18 lionfish. In the absence of lionfish, lobster densities were high, whereas when they were present in condos, lobster densities were significantly lower. However, it is not clear from this preliminary analysis which species is driving this relationship. " "Henderson, E. B., and Côté, I. M. (2011). Potential Effects of the Indo - Pacific Lionfish Invasion on the Bahamian Lobster Fishery Los Posibles Efectos de la Invasión del Pez León del Indo - Pacífico en la Pesquería de Langosta de Bahamas Les Effets Potentiels de L ’ invasion des Rascasses Volan. in Proceedings of the 64th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, October 31 - November 5, 2011 (Puerto Morelos, Mexico), 55–56." "Bahamas, New Providence island" Pterois volitans/miles "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing (spiny lobster) "This is not a description of an impact according to SEICAT criteria. => No decrease in the ""fitness"" of the activity is described. " Lionfish displace lobster from artificial habitat but so do native mesopredators "Curtis-Quick, J., Underwood, E., Green, S., Akins, L. A. D., Harborne, A., and Côté, I. (2013). Interactions Between the Caribbean Spiny Lobster , Panulirus argus , and Invasive Lionfish , Pterois volitans?: Who Displaces Whom?? in Proceedings of the 66th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, November 4 – 8, 2013 (Corpus Christi, Texas USA). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032596.Henderson." Experiments in tanks Pterois volitans/miles MC "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing (spiny lobster) high "Direct observational evidence, data straightforward to interpret, scale is representative" "Lionfish have become a major component of the spiny lobster fishery’s bycatch in the Bahamas. (Field surveys ascertained that) lionfish and spiny lobsters were often caught together in traps but there was a negative correlation between the catch rates of lionfish and that of legal size lobsters, which has led fishers to argue that lionfish negatively affect the catch of lobsters. (Based on manipulative lab experiments) negative correlation between catch rates of legal-size spiny lobsters and lionfish on spiny lobster traps are a likely result of the antagonistic relationship between these two species. Lobsters, however, are likely to exclude lionfish from traps rather than the other way around, therefore; the negative correlation does not reflect a negative impact of the presence of lionfish on the catch rate of lobsters " "Lazarre, D. (2016). Examining the lionfish invasion: How growth and recruitment relates to connectivity and controls. PhD Dissertation, University of Miami." field surveys in the Bahamas and lab experiments Pterois volitans/miles MN "safety, secure resource access" commercial fishing (spiny lobster) medium "There is some direct observational evidence, some information is inferred, scale is small" "(33 semi-structured interviews were conducted with a group of spiny lobster fishermen in the Bahamas). One set of questions, on lionfish-specific issues, included questions about the fisher’s usual behaviour in the presence of lionfish, the effort necessary to deal with a lionfish (e.g., killing it or moving more slowly to avoid envenomation), and the perceived effect of lionfish on the way the fisher operates. When asked how the presence of lionfish had affected their fishing, 48% stated that lionfish in and around their condos forced them to be more cautious (spending up to 1 additional minute per condo when harvesting lobsters). A few even mentioned that they had stopped setting condos in certain areas to avoid lionfish" "Henderson, E.B. (2012). Economic and Ecological Implications of Interactions Between Lobsters and Invasive Lionfish in the Bahamas. MSc Dissertation, Simon Fraser University" Bahamas Pterois volitans/miles DD "social and cultural relations, habitats of recreational value/aesthetic attraction" recreational diving "This is not an impact report, this is based on a choice experiment of a hypothetical situation" "We asked whether lionfish-invaded reefs have lower aesthetic value and whether fees to help control the invasion might be acceptable. To do so, we conducted a choice experiment that offered tourists coral reef images with varying attributes that can be affected by lionfish. On the basis of divergence in diving experience, coral reef knowledge, and invasion awareness, recreational divers were divided in two classes: casual vs. committed. Casual divers accept lionfish presence and impacts on the reefs. In contrast, committed divers dislike lionfish presence and associated impacts, and will dive elsewhere if impacts are high." "Malpica-Cruz, L., Haider, W., Smith, N. S., Fernández-Lozada, S., and Côté, I. M. (2017). Heterogeneous Attitudes of Tourists toward Lionfish in the Mexican Caribbean: Implications for Invasive Species Management. Front. Mar. Sci. 4. doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00138." Mexican Carribean choice experiment Pterois volitans/miles "social and cultural relations, habitats of recreational/conservation value" "tourism, multiple" "This is not an impact report, conclusions are based on choice experiments" Willingness to pay to prevent decline in quality of coral reef from medium to low levels: 23.2USD/day {sample size 400 tourists} "van Beukering, P., Brouwer, R., Schep, S., Wolfs, E., Brander, L., Ebanks-Petrie, G., Austin, T. (2014). The impact of invasive species on tourism The case of lionfish in the Cayman Islands. Available at: http://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/synthesis-report-ghana.pdf." Cayman islands choice experiment Pterois volitans/miles "safety, secure resource access" tourism/recreation "This is not a description of an impact according to SEICAT criteria. => No decrease in the ""fitness"" of the activity is described. " Some locations (beaches) have posted warning signs advising of the potential for lionfish envenomation. "Morris, J. A. ed. (2012). Invasive lionfish. A guide to control and management. Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute Special Publication Series Number 1, Marathon, Florida, USA. 113 pp." Bahamas Pterois volitans/miles MN "safety, secure resource access" tourism/diving medium Information comes from a personal observation but description of impact is clear Some dive charter operators have changed their dive plans to avoid envenomation of their clients by lionfish (Akins {member of the ANST Force} personal observations). Aquatic Nuisance Species Task (ANST) Force. (2015). National Invasive Lionfish Prevention and Management Plan. Retrieved from http://www.anstaskforce.gov/Meetings/2015_May/18-NILPMP-Final_Draft-4.pdf "Gulf of Mexico, Carribean" Pterois volitans/miles MN health commercial diving/multiple activities medium "Information source is unclear, no quantification, but description of impact is clear" " The commercial diving industry has also encountered impacts due to lionfish, with divers getting stung while working in the Gulf of Mexico. These envenomations have resulted in workers requiring days off of work and new training requirements for all divers to deal with this new on-the-job hazard." Aquatic Nuisance Species Task (ANST) Force. (2015). National Invasive Lionfish Prevention and Management Plan. Retrieved from http://www.anstaskforce.gov/Meetings/2015_May/18-NILPMP-Final_Draft-4.pdf Gulf of Mexico Pterois volitans/miles MN health tourism/diving-spearfishing medium "Some direct observational evidence, scale typical, magnitude of impact is not clear" "Data was collected from patients who had accidental envenomations by lionfish stings during lionfish fishing tournaments, where we provided medical care to patients admitted to the emergency room of the General Hospital of Cozumel. Cases were noted over a time period of three years RESULTS: A total of 33 cases of patients with enveno-mation were attended; 31 were scuba divers and two were snorkelers. 21 cases were stung while handling the lionfish after catching it, seven were trying to catch or spear the lionfish, and five were stung incidentally. 81 percent were stung in the predominant hand, 73 percent were stung for the first time, and 27 percent received repetitive stings. All the patients were responsive to prompt immersion in non-scalding water. No complications were reported. " "Gomez-Castillo, J.D. (2013). Lionfish stings in divers. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2013 Sep-Oct;40(5). Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, USA." "Mexico, Cozumel" Pterois volitans/miles MN health commercial fishing medium "There is some direct observational evidence. Scale is typical, impacts can be higher" "Methods: A prospective study conducted at the Martinique University Hospital by the emergency departments, general practitioners, and the pre-hospital emergency ambulance service included all the patients referred from November 2011 to February 2014 for one or several stings by lionfish, as strongly suggested by the fish description and the association with marked local pain and edema. Results: 117 patients were included. Envenomation resulted in marked pain and local edema (100%), paresthesia (90%), abdominal cramps (62%), extensive edema (53%), tachycardia (34%), skin rash (32%), gastrointestinal disorders (28%), fainting (27%), transient weakness (24%), hypertension (21%), hypotension (18%), hyperthermia (9%), bradycardia (3%), hypophosphatemia (12%), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (10%), and thrombocytopenia (3%). The sting was complicated by local infection (18%). 26 patients (22%) were hospitalized requiring surgery (8%). The patient population included divers (47%), fishermen (32%), swimmers (21%), and even cooks (3%). Visitors and vacationers are more likely to be envenomed by lionfish (65%) than natives (35%) are." "Resiere, D., Cerland, L., De Haro, L., Valentino, R., Criquet-Hayot, A., Chabartier, C., et al. (2016). Envenomation by the invasive Pterois volitans species (lionfish) in the French West Indies – a two-year prospective study in Martinique. Clin. Toxicol. 54, 313–318. doi:10.3109/15563650.2016.1143100." "Martinique, Nov2011-Feb2014, coach length: 350km" Pterois volitans/miles MN health tourism/recreation medium "There is some direct observational evidence. Scale is typical, impacts can be higher" "Methods: A prospective study conducted at the Martinique University Hospital by the emergency departments, general practitioners, and the pre-hospital emergency ambulance service included all the patients referred from November 2011 to February 2014 for one or several stings by lionfish, as strongly suggested by the fish description and the association with marked local pain and edema. Results: 117 patients were included. Envenomation resulted in marked pain and local edema (100%), paresthesia (90%), abdominal cramps (62%), extensive edema (53%), tachycardia (34%), skin rash (32%), gastrointestinal disorders (28%), fainting (27%), transient weakness (24%), hypertension (21%), hypotension (18%), hyperthermia (9%), bradycardia (3%), hypophosphatemia (12%), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (10%), and thrombocytopenia (3%). The sting was complicated by local infection (18%). 26 patients (22%) were hospitalized requiring surgery (8%). The patient population included divers (47%), fishermen (32%), swimmers (21%), and even cooks (3%). Visitors and vacationers are more likely to be envenomed by lionfish (65%) than natives (35%) are." "Resiere, D., Cerland, L., De Haro, L., Valentino, R., Criquet-Hayot, A., Chabartier, C., et al. (2016). Envenomation by the invasive Pterois volitans species (lionfish) in the French West Indies – a two-year prospective study in Martinique. Clin. Toxicol. 54, 313–318. doi:10.3109/15563650.2016.1143100." "Martinique, Nov2011-Feb2014, coach length: 350km" Fistularia commersonii MN "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing low Discard rates are accepted as an impact report but confidence is low since a lot of information is inferred "the contribution of Lessepsian fish in single hauls often reaches the 30% of biomass: in some cases the 20% of total biomass was constituted by Lagocephalus sceleratus, in other cases, the 30% was represented by Fistularia commersonii. Using trammel-nets, the results could reach more impressive results, with Lessepsians representing sometimes more than the 80% of total biomass (Siganus luridus 47%, Lagocephalus sceleratus 26%, Fistularia commersonii 11%). " EastMed (2010). REPORT OF THE TECHNICAL MEETING ON THE LESSEPSIAN MIGRATION AND ITS IMPACT ON EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN FISHERY. "Greece, Rhodos island" 20 boat seine hauls Fistularia commersonii MN "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing low Discard rates are accepted as an impact report but confidence is low since a lot of information is inferred "During 2004–2005 the cornet?sh was regularly present in autumn–winter trawl catches, ranging from 1 to 7.4% of the total catch weight, but was not commercially utilized (M. Corsini personal communication)" "Kalogirou, S., Corsini, M., Kondilatos, G., and Wennhage, H. (2007). Diet of the invasive piscivorous fish Fistularia commersonii in a recently colonized area of the eastern Mediterranean. Biol. Invasions 9, 887–896. doi:10.1007/s10530-006-9088-3." "Greece, Rhodos island" commercial trawling Fistularia commersonii "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing This is not an impact report according to SEICAT "More than 70% by weight of the diet of F. commersonii is made up of native species of economic value—S. smaris, B. boops and mullid spp." "Kalogirou, S., Corsini, M., Kondilatos, G., and Wennhage, H. (2007). Diet of the invasive piscivorous fish Fistularia commersonii in a recently colonized area of the eastern Mediterranean. Biol. Invasions 9, 887–896. doi:10.1007/s10530-006-9088-3." "Greece, Rhodos island" commercial trawling Fistularia commersonii "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing This is not an impact report according to SEICAT "Since its first appearance in 2001 in Rhodes marine area, F. commersonii is actually presenting at a number of 5 to 20 specimens occasionally in a catch of any trawl nets operation, mainly at 20-25 m depth" "Corsini, M., Margies, P., Kondilatos, G., and Economidis, P. (2005). Lessepsian migration of fishes to the Aegean Sea: First record of Tylerius spinosissimus (Tetraodontidae) from the Mediterranean, and six more fish records. Cybium 29, 347–354. Available at: http://elnais.ath.hcmr.gr/PDF/Corsini_2005.pdf." "Greece, Rhodos island" Fistularia commersonii "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing This is not an impact report according to SEICAT " The diet of the invasive cornet?sh comprised a large variety of prey (41 taxa identified in stomachs), Spicara smaris and Boops boops being the most important. S. smaris and B. boops (comercially important species) accounted for most of ingested prey in Lebanon in terms of frequency of occurrence (%F), composition by number and weight." "Bariche, M., Alwan, N., El-Assi, H., and Zurayk, R. (2009). Diet composition of the lessepsian bluespotted cornetfish fistularia commersonii in the eastern mediterranean. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 25, 460–465. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01202.x." "Lebanon, all along the coast" commercial catches Siganus spp. DD "social and cultural relations, habitats of recreational/conservation value" multiple Impact is inferred from a combination of ecological impacts. This is not an impact report according to SEICAT " grazing by the alien fish Siganus luridus and S. rivulatus creates and maintains areas denuded of erect algae in the Eastern Mediterranean, causing a dramatic reduction in biodiversity, biomass, and algal growth" "Sala, E., Kizilkaya, Z., Yildirim, D., and Ballesteros, E. (2011). Alien marine fishes deplete algal biomass in the Eastern Mediterranean. PLoS One 6, 1–5. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017356." "Turkey (Kas, Fethiye, Bodrum)" field experiments Siganus spp. DD Basic material for good life commercial fishing Impact is inferred from a combination of ecological impacts. This is not an impact report according to SEICAT "Densities of several reef fish juveniles were 9 to 12 folds greater in Cystoseira forests than in other erect and turf algal assemblages. Our study shows that in shallow rocky bottoms of the NW Mediterranean, Cystoseira forests are important nurseries for some species of littoral fishes including species of commercial interest for recreational and professional fisheries (Labrus spp. Seranus spp., Symphodus spp.)" "Cheminée, A., Sala, E., Pastor, J., Bodilis, P., Thiriet, P., Mangialajo, L., et al. (2013). Nursery value of Cystoseira forests for Mediterranean rocky reef fishes. J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol. 442, 70–79. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2013.02.003." "Western Med, Corsica-France" "field experiments,artificail Cystoseira" Siganus spp. MN Basic material for good life commercial fishing medium "Some direct observational evidence, data is limited, scale is local" "To gain insights on the impact of bycatch on small-scale ?shermen we conducted questionnaire-based interviews on ?shermen working on Crete, Greece. We conducted a total of 101 in-person interviews with crew members working in 101 ?shing vessels which represented 12.3% of the total registered small-scale ?shing ?eet for the island. (54% of the fishermen identified Lessepsian species as one of the reason for the change in fish numbers and catches). Two of these species, the dusky spinefoot (Siganus luridus) and the silver-cheeked toad?sh (Lagocephalus sceleratus), were discussed as being highly undesirable. Dusky spinefoot is a small ?sh (average length = 14 cm), but was reported as captured in large quantities, di?cult to remove from nets and unpopular with consumers." "Panagopoulou A, Meletis ZA, Margaritoulis D and Spotila JR (2017) Caught in the Same Net? Small-Scale Fishermen’s Perceptions of Fisheries Interactions with Sea Turtles and Other Protected Species. Front. Mar. Sci. 4:180. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00180" "Greece, Crete" interviews with small-scale fishermen Siganus spp. MN Basic material for good life commercial fishing medium "Direct observational evidence, data reliable and straightforward to interpret, scale is local (the species are commercial elsewhere)" "Data were collected from fish population surveys (Underewater Video Sensus), daily port landing surveys of the artisanal fishing fleet and interview based surveys of local fishermen in order to gauge perceptions of the Siganus spp. catch. S. luridus accounted for 67% of all herbivorous fish observed, but it only accounted for 15% of herbivorous fish landed. In contrast, (the native) Sparisoma cretense only accounted for 24% of the herbivorous fish observed, but accounted for 83% of all herbivorous fish landed. The results indicate that Siganus luridus is the most abundant herbivorous fish species in shallow water ecosystems in Fourni, however they have not replaced S. cretense as the dominant herbivorous species in fishery landings. One possible explanation may be due to discarding of Siganus at sea, which was evident from interviews and on-board observations, due to its low commercial value in this region. Another possibility identified by the results from our surveys was that local fishermen actively avoided areas which were likely to yield high catches of Siganus, due to the increased labour involved in removing fish of poor value from their nets. In Fourni there is currently no market for the species." "Pennington, A., Shepperson, J., Jeffery, A., Miliou, A., & Anagnostou, V. (2013). Siganus species in an artisanal fishery in the Eastern Aegean. Rapport Commission Internationale Mer Méditerranée, 40, 591." "Greece, Fourni island" Saurida lessepsianus MN "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing low "Data is not straightforward to interpret, causation is not clearly established. Score according to the relative prices of the two species." "The Red Sea lizardfish,Saurida undosquamis (Richardson), invaded the Levant Basin and established a population of considerable commercial importance. Its expansion came at the expense of other commercial fishes on which it preys and with which it competes. The explosion ofthe Red Sea lizardfish population in the Levant Basin was made possible by a combination of changes in the environmental conditions (abiotic and biotic), one of these being the retreat of, or the recession in, the native hake (Merluccius merluccius) population. The dynamic coexistence between the lizardfish and the hake, its main competitor, is affected by fluctuations in the abiotic conditions to which the hake seems to be more sensitive than the lizardfish. An examination of the available statistical data (Sarid, 1951-71) could not establish any significant influence of the appearance of the Red Sea lizardfish in the total trawl catches on the landings, catch per unit effort, or returns of the trawl fishery. Undoubtedly, the lizardfish is not just an additional inhabitant, and its invasion did not enrich the existing ecosystem in terms of biomass. It occurs in the catches at the expense of other fish, partly its competitors,such as the hake, and partly its prey, such as the yellow-striped goatfish, red mullet, etc. " "Ben-Yami, M., and Glaser, T. (1974). The invasion of Saurida undosquamis (Richardson) into the Levan basin - An example of biological effect of interoceanic canals. Fish. Bull. 72, 359–373." Israel Saurida lessepsianus "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing "Review article, typical of what is reported as the effect of S. lessepsianus (as S. undosquamis) on commercial fisheries. Not scored, added to provide context" "In 1955–1956 the lizardfish became commercially important, constituting for a few years over half of the total catch on the shallow shelf opposite El-Arish (Gorgy, 1966), up to one fifth of the total annual trawl catch along the Mediterranean coast of Israel, and an important staple of the coastal fishery in the area stretching from Damietta eastward to Port Said (El-Zarka and Koura, 1965). By the mid 1960s it formed the main catch of trawlers off Mersin (Ben-Tuvia, 1966), and accounted for 2/3 of the fish landing biomass in the fall months in the 1980s (Gucu and Bingel, 1994). This sudden increase came at the expense of the native hake, Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758), it too was displaced into deeper waters (Ben Yami and Glaser, 1974)." "Galil, B. S. (2007). Loss or gain? Invasive aliens and biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 55, 314–322. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.11.008." Israel Saurida lessepsianus "Basic material for good life, adequate hivelihood" commercial fishing "No documented impact, record added to provide context" "In this study the results of sparse historical trawl surveys (in southern Turkey) were evaluated together with oceanographic data, and the impact of hydrographical changes on the appearance ? disappearance of hake in the Levant was considered. The formation and movement of different water masses in the area seem to have primary importance for the species. The winter occurrence of modified Atlantic water that temporarily intrudes in the region may favour hake. The immigrant competitor, Saurida undosquamis, does not seem to have much influence on the abundance of hake." "Gucu, A. C., and Bingel, F. (2011). Hake, Merluccius merluccius L., in the northeastern Mediterranean Sea: A case of disappearance. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 27, 1001–1012. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2011.01765.x." Turkey (south-eastern coast)