Markovic, Andjela Kovacevic, Vladimir Brakenhoff, Timo Veen, Duco Klaver, Paul Mitratza, Marianna Downward, George Grobbee, Diederick Cronin, Maureen Goodale, Brianna 2024 Background: Rapid development and implementation of vaccines constituted a crucial step in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive understanding of physiological responses to these vaccines is important to build trust in medicine. Objective: This study aims to investigate temporal dynamics before and after COVID-19 vaccination in 4 physiological parameters as well as the duration of menstrual cycle phases. Methods: In a prospective trial, 17,825 adults in the Netherlands wore a medical device on their wrist for up to 9 months. The device recorded their physiological signals and synchronized with a complementary smartphone app. By means of multilevel quadratic regression, we examined changes in wearable-recorded breathing rate, wrist skin temperature, heart rate, heart rate variability, and objectively assessed the duration of menstrual cycle phases in menstruating participants to assess the effects of COVID-19 vaccination. Results: The recorded physiological signals demonstrated short-term increases in breathing rate and heart rate after COVID-19 vaccination followed by a prompt rebound to baseline levels likely reflecting biological mechanisms accompanying the immune response to vaccination. No sex differences were evident in the measured physiological responses. In menstruating participants, we found a 0.8% decrease in the duration of the menstrual phase following vaccination. Conclusions: The observed short-term changes suggest that COVID-19 vaccines are not associated with long-term biophysical issues. Taken together, our work provides valuable insights into continuous fluctuations of physiological responses to vaccination and highlights the importance of digital solutions in health care. application/pdf https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/329190 https://folia.unifr.ch/documents/329190/files/markovicetal-2024-covid-red.pdf https://folia.unifr.ch/documents/329190/files/jmir_v26i1e51120_app1.pdf eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.2196/51120 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1438-8871 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY Journal of Medical Internet Research. - JMIR Publications Inc.. - 2024, vol. 26, p. 1-13 Wearable technology Biosignals Digital health SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine reactogenicity Menstrual cycle Vaccine Wearables Sex Development Implementation Medical device Breathing rate Heart rate Biological mechanism Immune response Vaccination info:eu-repo/classification/udc/159.9 Physiological Response to the COVID-19 Vaccine: Insights From a Prospective, Randomized, Single-Blinded, Crossover Trial http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501