Gurtner, Dimitri 2021-02-01 This article is a literature review of Neuralink, brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) and their applications, followed by future possibilities of BMIs and their potential impacts. Currently, BMIs predominantly have therapeutic applications, such as helping people with spinal cord injury by allowing them to control a computer directly with their brain. However, BMIs can also improve learning, detect emotions, and control basic behaviors. In the future, they could offer many powerful possibilities, such as controlling people and merging our intelligence with artificial intelligence (AI), which may be necessary to mitigate the existential threat of artificial general intelligence (AGI). Simultaneously, they would likely have severe human impacts, such as loss of sense of self, erosion of skills, and privacy issues, creating psychological harm and confusion. This paper shows that BMI research could generate drastic changes with no possible return, thus reinforcing the need to urgently address these critical issues. application/pdf https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/309154 https://folia.unifr.ch/documents/309154/files/IWP21_01_diuf.pdf eng info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess License undefined Neuralink brain-machine interface BMI BCI CBI BBI transhumanism ethical issues info:eu-repo/classification/udc/004 Neuralink and Beyond: Challenges of Creating an Enhanced Human http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18ws