Madec, Jean-Yves Haenni, Marissa Nordmann, Patrice Poirel, Laurent 2017-11-01 There has been a great and long-term concern that extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae occurring in animals may constitute a public-health issue. A large number of factors with complex interrelations contribute to the spread of those bacteria among animals and humans. ESBL/AmpC- or carbapenemase-encoding genes are most often located on mobile genetic elements favouring their dissemination. Some shared reservoirs of ESBL/AmpC or carbapenemase genes, plasmids or clones have been identified and suggest cross-transmissions. Even though exposure to animals is regarded as a risk factor, evidence for a direct transfer of ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria from animals to humans through close contacts is limited. Nonetheless, the size of the commensal ESBL/AmpC reservoir in non-human sources is dramatically rising. This may constitute an indirect risk to public health by increasing the gene pool from which pathogenic bacteria can pick up ESBL/AmpC/carbapenemase genes. The extent to which food contributes to potential transmission of ESBL/AmpC producers to humans is also not well established. Overall, events leading to the occurrence of ESBL/AmpC- and carbapenemase-encoding genes in animals seem very much multifactorial. The impact of animal reservoirs on human health still remains debatable and unclear; nonetheless, there are some examples of direct links that have been identified. application/pdf https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/306543 https://folia.unifr.ch/documents/306543/files/nord_esb.pdf eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.cmi.2017.01.013 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess License undefined Clinical Microbiology and Infection. - 2017, vol. 23, no. 11, p. 826–833 info:eu-repo/classification/udc/57 Extended-spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in animals: a threat for humans? http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501