<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Eckard, Sonja</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Bacher, Sven</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Enkerli, Jürg</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Grabenweger, Giselher</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2017-06-01</dc:date>
  <dc:description xmlns:ns0="xml" ns0:lang="en">A combined application of a biological control agent, such as an entomopathogenic  fungus (EPF), with other means of pest control may lead to enhanced or more reliable  efficacy of the biocontrol agent. Ideally, the combined components would interact  synergistically, yielding significantly higher mortality of the target pest. The mode of  such interactions is often unclear and particularly difficult to elucidate for soil-dwelling  pests. Here, an efficient image analysis protocol was developed to study behavioural  responses of soil-dwelling insects to application of control measures in two- dimensional terraria. The interactions between the EPF Metarhizium brunneum Petch  (Hypocreales), a supposedly repellent extract of garlic, Allium sativum L.  (Amaryllidaceae), and wireworms, Agriotes obscurus (L.) (Coleoptera: Elateridae), as  target hosts were investigated. Tunnelling activity and mortality of wireworms were  studied under choice and no-choice situations of various combinations of the control  agents. A treatment with Metarhizium spores resulted in wireworm mortalities of about  80%. Contrary to expectations, a combination of the EPF with the garlic extract did not  increase, but slightly decrease wireworm mortality. The data gained from the image  analysis revealed that the tunnelling activity of wireworms was clearly reduced in the  presence of garlic, which, together with a reduced germination rate of spores, is a  possible explanation for the antagonism detected in the combined treatment. The  methodological approach developed here can be used to study the interactions  among control agents and soil insects over several days and weeks.</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/305893</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>https://folia.unifr.ch/documents/305893/files/bac_svm.pdf</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>https://folia.unifr.ch/documents/305893/files/bac_svm_sm.pdf</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1111/eea.12578</dc:relation>
  <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
  <dc:rights>License undefined</dc:rights>
  <dc:source>Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - 2017, vol. 163, no. 3, p. 315–327</dc:source>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns1="xml" ns1:lang="en">garlic extract</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns2="xml" ns2:lang="en">botanical</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns3="xml" ns3:lang="en">wireworm</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns4="xml" ns4:lang="en">soil pest</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns5="xml" ns5:lang="en">Agriotes obscurus</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns6="xml" ns6:lang="en">potato</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns7="xml" ns7:lang="en">repellent</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns8="xml" ns8:lang="en">non-destructive</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns9="xml" ns9:lang="en">image analysis</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns10="xml" ns10:lang="en">tunnelling</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns11="xml" ns11:lang="en">burrows</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns12="xml" ns12:lang="en">behaviour</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns13="xml" ns13:lang="en">Metarhizium</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>info:eu-repo/classification/udc/57</dc:subject>
  <dc:title xmlns:ns14="xml" ns14:lang="en">A simple in vitro method to study interactions between soil insects, entomopathogenic fungi, and plant extracts</dc:title>
  <dc:type>http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>