<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
  <dc:creator>Clift, Martin J. D.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Endes, Carola</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Vanhecke, Dimitri</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Wick, Peter</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Gehr, Peter</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Schins, Roel P. F.</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Petri-Fink, Alke</dc:creator>
  <dc:creator>Rothen-Rutishauser, Barbara</dc:creator>
  <dc:date>2014-01-01</dc:date>
  <dc:description xmlns:ns0="xml" ns0:lang="en">To determine the potential inhalatory risk posed by carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a tier-based approach beginning with an &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; assessment must be adopted. The purpose of this study therefore was to compare 4 commonly used &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; systems of the human lung (human blood monocyte-derived macrophages [MDM] and monocyte-derived dendritic cells [MDDC], 16HBE14o- epithelial cells, and a sophisticated triple cell co-culture model [TCC-C]) via assessment of the biological impact of different CNTs (single-walled CNTs [SWCNTs] and multiwalled CNTs [MWCNTs]) over 24h. No significant cytotoxicity was observed with any of the cell types tested, although a significant (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; .05), dose-dependent increase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α following SWCNT and MWCNT exposure at concentrations up to 0.02mg/ml to MDM, MDDC, and the TCC-C was found. The concentration of TNF-α released by the MDM and MDDC was significantly higher (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; .05) than the TCC-C. Significant increases (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; .05) in interleukin (IL)-8 were also found for both 16HBE14o- epithelial cells and the TCC-C after SWCNTs and MWCNTs exposure up to 0.02mg/ml. The TCC-C, however, elicited a significantly (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; .05) higher IL-8 release than the epithelial cells. The oxidative potential of both SWCNTs and MWCNTs (0.005–0.02mg/ml) measured by reduced glutathione (GSH) content showed a significant difference (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; .05) between each monoculture and the TCC-C. It was concluded that because only the co-culture system could assess each endpoint adequately, that, in comparison with monoculture systems, multicellular systems that take into consideration important cell type-to-cell type interactions could be used as predictive &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; screening tools for determining the potential deleterious effects associated with CNTs.</dc:description>
  <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
  <dc:identifier>https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/303476</dc:identifier>
  <dc:identifier>https://folia.unifr.ch/documents/303476/files/kft216.pdf</dc:identifier>
  <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
  <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1093/toxsci/kft216</dc:relation>
  <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
  <dc:rights>License undefined</dc:rights>
  <dc:source>Toxicological Sciences. - 2014, vol. 137, no. 1, p. 55-64</dc:source>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns1="xml" ns1:lang="en">In vitro lung systems</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns2="xml" ns2:lang="en">Carbon nanotubes</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns3="xml" ns3:lang="en">Nanotoxicology</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns4="xml" ns4:lang="en">Oxidative stress</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns5="xml" ns5:lang="en">Inflammation</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject xmlns:ns6="xml" ns6:lang="en">Risk assessment</dc:subject>
  <dc:subject>info:eu-repo/classification/udc/54</dc:subject>
  <dc:title xmlns:ns7="xml" ns7:lang="en">A comparative study of different in vitro lung cell culture systems to assess the most beneficial tool for screening the potential adverse effects of carbon nanotubes</dc:title>
  <dc:type>http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501</dc:type>
</oai_dc:dc>