Caldara, Roberto Zhou, Xinyue Miellet, Sebastien 2010 Background: Eye movement strategies employed by humans to identify conspecifics are not universal. Westerners predominantly fixate the eyes during face recognition, whereas Easterners more the nose region, yet recognition accuracy is comparable. However, natural fixations do not unequivocally represent information extraction. So the question of whether humans universally use identical facial information to recognize faces remains unresolved. Methodology/Principal Findings: We monitored eye movements during face recognition of Western Caucasian (WC) and East Asian (EA) observers with a novel technique in face recognition that parametrically restricts information outside central vision. We used ‘Spotlights’ with Gaussian apertures of 2u, 5u or 8u dynamically centered on observers’ fixations. Strikingly, in constrained Spotlight conditions (2u and 5u) observers of both cultures actively fixated the same facial information: the eyes and mouth. When information from both eyes and mouth was simultaneously available when fixating the nose (8u), as expected EA observers shifted their fixations towards this region. Conclusions/Significance: Social experience and cultural factors shape the strategies used to extract information from faces, but these results suggest that external forces do not modulate information use. Human beings rely on identical facial information to recognize conspecifics, a universal law that might be dictated by the evolutionary constraints of nature and not nurture. application/pdf https://folia.unifr.ch/global/documents/301970 https://folia.unifr.ch/documents/301970/files/journal.pone.0009708_2_.pdf eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0009708 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess License undefined PLoS ONE. - 2010, vol. 5, no. 3, p. e9708 info:eu-repo/classification/udc/159.9 Putting culture under the Spotlight reveals universal information use for face recognition. http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501